Development Through Life: A Psychosocial Approach 13th Edition by Barbara Newman, ISBN-13: 978-1337098144

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Development Through Life: A Psychosocial Approach 13th Edition by Barbara Newman, ISBN-13: 978-1337098144

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• Publisher: ‎ Cengage Learning; 13th edition (April 12, 2017)
• Language: ‎ English
• 800 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 1337098140
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-1337098144

Human development is fascinating. This text uses a life-stage approach to present development across the life span, drawing on the psychosocial theory of Erik Erikson to provide a conceptual framework. The authors address physical, intellectual, social, and emotional growth in 11 life stages, from the prenatal period through elderhood, focusing on the idea that development results from the interdependence of individuals and their environments at every stage, and placing special emphasis on how optimal development may be fostered throughout life. They also provide many cases that show you how research and theories can be applied to contemporary issues, the diversity of experiences that are possible at a certain period of life, and how people cope with challenges they face at various points in life.

Table of Contents:

Cover Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Preface

About the Authors

Chapter 1. The Development Through Life Perspective

Assumptions of the Text

A Psychosocial Approach: The Interaction of the Biological, Psychological, and Societal Systems

The Biological System

The Psychological System

The Societal System

Overview of the Psychosocial Approach

The Life Span

Life Expectancy

Factors That Contribute to Longevity

Chapter Summary

Chapter 2. Major Theories for Understanding Human Development

What Is a Theory?

Requirements of a Theory

Requirements for Theories of Development

The Theory of Evolution

Ethology

Evolutionary Psychology

Implications for Human Development

Links to the Psychosocial Approach

Psychoanalytic Theory

five Components of Psychoanalytic Theory

Object Relations Theory

Ego Psychology

Implications for Human Development

Links to the Psychosocial Approach

Cognitive Developmental Theories

Basic Concepts in Piaget’s Theory

Implications of Piaget’s Theory for Human Development

Vygotsky’s Concepts of Cognitive Development

Implications of Vygotsky’s Theory for Human Development

Links to the Psychosocial Approach

Theories of Learning

Social Learning Theory

Implications of Social Learning Theory for Human Development

Cognitive Behaviorism

Implications of Cognitive Behaviorism for Human Development

Links to the Psychosocial Approach

Cultural Theory

Cultural Continuity and Discontinuity

Individualism and Collectivism

Implications for Human Development

Links to the Psychosocial Approach

Social Role Theory

Implications for Human Development

Links to the Psychosocial Approach

Systems Theory

Characteristics of Open Systems

Ecological Systems Theory

Implications for Human Development

A Systems View of Families

Links to the Psychosocial Approach

Chapter Summary

Casebook

Chapter 3. Psychosocial Theory

The Rationale for Emphasizing Psychosocial Theory

Basic Concepts of Psychosocial Theory

Stages of Development

Developmental Tasks

Psychosocial Crisis

The Central Process for Resolving the Psychosocial Crisis

Radius of Significant Relationships

Coping

Evaluation of Psychosocial Theory

Strengths

Weaknesses

A Recap of Psychosocial Theory

Chapter Summary

As You Read on …

Casebook

Chapter 4. The Period of Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Genetics and Development

Chromosomes and Genes as Sources of Genetic Information

The Principles of Heredity

Genetic Sources of Individual Differences

Genetic Technology and Psychosocial Evolution

Gene X Environment Interactions and Behavior

Normal Fetal Development

Fertilization

Infertility and Alternative Means of Reproduction

Adoption

Development in the first Trimester

Development in the Second Trimester

Development in the Third Trimester

The Birth Process

Stages of Labor

Cesarean Delivery

Infant Mortality

The Mother, the Fetus, and the Psychosocial Environment

The Impact of the Fetus on the Pregnant Woman

The Impact of the Pregnant Woman on the Fetus

The Cultural Context of Pregnancy and Childbirth

Reactions to Pregnancy

Solicitude Versus Shame

Adequacy Versus Vulnerability

Reactions to Childbirth

Applied Topic: Abortion

What Is Abortion?

The Legal and Political Context of Abortion in the United States

Statistics About Legal Abortions and the Women Who Have Them

The Psychosocial Impact of Abortion

Men’s Reactions to Abortion

Chapter Summary

Casebook

Chapter 5. Infancy (first 24 Months)

Newborns

Developmental Tasks

The Development of Sensory/Perceptual and Motor Functions

Sensorimotor Intelligence: Processing, Organizing, and Using Information

Communication

Attachment

Emotional Development

The Psychosocial Crisis: Trust Versus Mistrust

Trust

Mistrust

The Central Process for Resolving the Crisis: Mutuality with the Caregiver

Coordination, Mismatch, and Repair of Interactions

Establishing a Functional Rhythm in the Family

Parents with Psychological Problems

The Prime Adaptive Ego Quality and the Core Pathology

Hope

Withdrawal

Applied Topic: The Role of Parents

Safety and Nutrition

Fostering Socioemotional and Cognitive Development

Fathers’ and Mothers’ Parental Behaviors

Parents as Advocates

The Importance of Social Support

Chapter Summary

Casebook

Chapter 6. Toddlerhood (Ages 2 To 4 Years)

Developmental Tasks

Elaboration of Locomotion

Language Development

Fantasy Play

Self-Control

The Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt

Autonomy

Shame and Doubt

The Central Process: Imitation

The Prime Adaptive Ego Quality and the Core Pathology

Will

Compulsion

The Impact of Poverty on Psychosocial Development in Toddlerhood

Poverty and Brain Development

Poverty and Health

Poverty Impacts the Parenting Environment

Poverty and Academic Outcomes

Poverty Worldwide

Applied Topic: Child Care

The Impact of Child Care on Intelligence, Cognition, and Academic Achievement

The Impact of Child Care on Social Competence

Child Care and Physical Activity

Benefits Associated with Head Start

Directions for the Future of Child Care in the United States

Chapter Summary

Casebook

Chapter 7. Early School Age (4 to 6 Years)

Developmental Tasks

Gender Identification

Early Moral Development

Self-Theory

Peer Play

The Psychosocial Crisis: Initiative Versus Guilt

Initiative

Guilt

The Central Process: Identification

The Prime Adaptive Ego Quality and the Core Pathology

Purpose

Inhibition

Applied Topic School Readiness

What Do We Mean by Readiness?

Measuring Kindergarten Readiness

Risk Factors for School Readiness

Who Is Responsible for Meeting the Goal for School Readiness?

Chapter Summary

Casebook

Chapter 8. Middle Childhood (6 to 12 Years)

Developmental Tasks

Friendship

Concrete Operations

Skill Learning

Self-Evaluation

Team Play

The Psychosocial Crisis: Industry Versus Inferiority

Industry

Inferiority

The Central Process: Education

The Prime Adaptive Ego Quality and the Core Pathology

Competence

Inertia

Applied Topic: Violence in the Lives of Children

Consequences of Exposure to Violence

Preventing Violence

Chapter Summary

Casebook

Chapter 9. Early Adolescence (12 to 18 Years)

Developmental Tasks

Physical Maturation

Romantic and Sexual Relationships

Formal Operations

Emotional Development

Membership in the Peer Group

The Psychosocial Crisis: Group Identity Versus Alienation

Group Identity

Alienation

The Central Process: Peer Pressure

Affiliating with a Peer Group

Conflicts Between Belonging and Personal Autonomy

The Prime Adaptive Ego Quality and the Core Pathology

fidelity to Others

Dissociation

Applied Topic: Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Use

Physical Effects of Alcohol

Factors Associated with Alcohol Use

Chapter Summary

Casebook

Chapter 10. Later Adolescence (18 to 24 Years)

Developmental Tasks

Autonomy from Parents

Gender Identity

Internalized Morality

Career Choice

The Psychosocial Crisis: Individual Identity Versus Identity Confusion

Individual Identity

Identity Confusion

The Central Process: Role Experimentation

Psychosocial Moratorium

Individual Differences in Role Experimentation

Role Experimentation and Ethnic Identity

The Prime Adaptive Ego Quality and the Core Pathology

fidelity to Values and Ideologies

Repudiation

Applied Topic: Dropping Out of College

financial Factors

Academic Preparation

Personal Factors

Characteristics of the College Environment

The Consequences of Dropping Out of College

Chapter Summary

Casebook

Chapter 11. Early Adulthood (24 to 34 Years)

Expanding Theoretical Views of Adult Development

Social Roles

Life Course

Fulfillment Theories

Developmental Tasks

Exploring Intimate Relationships

Childbearing

Work

Lifestyle

The Psychosocial Crisis: Intimacy Versus Isolation

Intimacy

Isolation

The Central Process: Mutuality Among Peers

The Prime Adaptive Ego Quality and the Core Pathology

Love

Exclusivity

Applied Topic: Divorce

Factors Contributing to Divorce

Coping with Divorce

Chapter Summary

Casebook

Chapter 12. Middle Adulthood (34 to 60 Years)

Developmental Tasks

Managing a Career

Nurturing an Intimate Relationship

Expanding Caring Relationships

Managing the Household

The Psychosocial Crisis: Generativity Versus Stagnation

Generativity

Stagnation

The Central Process: Person–Environment Interaction and Creativity

Person–Environment Interaction

Creativity

The Prime Adaptive Ego Quality and the Core Pathology

Care

Rejectivity

Applied Topic: Discrimination in the Workplace

Types of Discrimination

Overview of Discrimination

Disparities in Income and the Occupational Structure

How Discrimination Perpetuates Itself

Psychosocial Analysis: Discrimination and Coping

Chapter Summary

Casebook

Chapter 13. Later Adulthood (60 to 75 Years)

Developmental Tasks

Accepting One’s Life

Promoting Intellectual Vigor

Redirecting Energy to New Roles and Activities

Developing a Point of View About Death

The Psychosocial Crisis: Integrity Versus Despair

Integrity

Despair

The Central Process: Introspection

The Prime Adaptive Ego Quality and the Core Pathology

Wisdom

Disdain

Applied Topic: Retirement

Income Loss

Adjustment to Retirement

The Future of Retirement

Chapter Summary

Casebook

Chapter 14. Elderhood (75 until Death)

The Longevity Revolution

Secrets to Longevity

The Gender Gap Among the Very Old

A New Psychosocial Stage: Elderhood

Developmental Tasks

Coping with the Physical Changes of Aging

Developing a Psychohistorical Perspective

Traveling Uncharted Territory: Life Structures in Elderhood

The Psychosocial Crisis: Immortality Versus Extinction

Immortality

Extinction

The Central Process: Social Support

The Benefits of Social Support

The Dynamics of Social Support

The Social Support Network

The Prime Adaptive Ego Quality and the Core Pathology

Confidence

Diffidence

Applied Topic: Meeting the Needs of the Frail Elderly

Defining Frailty

Supporting Optimal Functioning

The Role of the Community

The Role of Creative Action

Chapter Summary

Casebook

Chapter 15. Understanding Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Mortality and Psychosocial Development

Definitions of Death

Advance Directives

The Process of Dying

Confronting One’s Death

The Good Death

Ethical Issues at the End of Life

Death-Related Rituals

Care of the Body

Care of the Spirit

Care of the Surviving Family, Friends, and Community

Bereavement and Grief

Bereavement

Grief

Bereavement and Grief Among Older Widows and Widowers

Factors That Affect the Distress of Survivors

Comforting the Bereaved

Psychosocial Growth Through Bereavement

Chapter Summary

Casebook

Appendix. The Research Process

References

Barbara Newman (Ph.D., University of Michigan) is a professor emeritus in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies at the University of Rhode Island. She has also been on the faculty at Russell Sage College and The Ohio State University, where she served as department chair in Human Development and Family Science and as associate provost for Faculty Recruitment and Development. She has taught courses in life-span development, adolescence, family theories, and the research process. Dr. Newman’s current research focus is on the sense of belonging among college students, with particular attention to students in minoritized groups. She is a member of a research team investigating the developing sense of purpose among students with disabilities. For fun, Dr. Newman enjoys reading, making up projects with her grandchildren, taking walks along Narragansett Bay and Block Island Sound, and spending time with her family.

Philip R. Newman (Ph.D., University of Michigan) is a social psychologist whose research has focused on the transition to high school as well as on group identity and alienation. Together with Barbara Newman, he has worked on programs to bring low-income minority youths to college and to study the processes involved in their academic success. They are coauthors of 13 books, including a book on theories of human development, and numerous articles in the field of human development. Dr. Newman’s current project is a book about how high schools impact the health and psychosocial development of adolescents. He has taught courses in introductory psychology, adolescence, social psychology, developmental psychology, counseling, and family, school, and community contexts for development. He served as the director for Research and Evaluation of the Young Scholars Program at The Ohio State University and as the director of the Human Behavior Curriculum Project for the American Psychological Association. He is a fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI), and the American Orthopsychiatric Association. He home schooled his three children through elementary and middle school. For fun, Dr. Newman enjoys photography, reading mysteries, attending concerts and Broadway plays, and watching baseball.

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