A History of Modern Psychology 5th Edition, ISBN-13: 978-1118833759

Description

A History of Modern Psychology 5th Edition by C. James Goodwin, ISBN-13: 978-1118833759

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

512 pages

Publisher: Wiley; 5 edition (January 20, 2015)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1118833759

ISBN-13: 978-1118833759

The enhanced 5th Edition of Goodwin’s series, A History of Modern Psychology, explores the modern history of psychology including the fundamental bases of psychology and psychology’s advancements in the 20th century.

Goodwin’s 5th Edition focuses on the reduction of biographical information with an emphasis on more substantial information including ideas and concepts and on ideas/research contributions.

Table of contents:

Cover ……Page 1

Title Page ……Page 3

Copyright ……Page 4

Contents ……Page 5

Preface ……Page 11

Chapter 1 Introducing Psychology’s History……Page 17

Why Study History? ……Page 18

Why Study Psychology’s History? ……Page 20

Key Issues in Psychology’s History ……Page 22

Presentism versus Historicism ……Page 23

Internal versus External History ……Page 25

Close-Up: Edwin G. Boring (1886-1968) ……Page 26

Historiography: Doing and Writing History ……Page 29

Sources of Historical Data ……Page 30

From the Miles Papers: Miles Meets His Academic Grandfather ……Page 32

Data Selection Problems ……Page 33

Interpretation Problems ……Page 35

Approaching Historical Truth ……Page 36

Summary ……Page 37

Study Questions ……Page 38

Chapter 2 The Philosophical Context……Page 40

René Descartes (1596-1650): The Beginnings of Modern Philosophy and Science ……Page 41

Descartes and the Rationalist Argument ……Page 43

The Cartesian System ……Page 44

Descartes on the Reflex and Mind-Body Interaction ……Page 45

Locke on Human Understanding ……Page 48

Locke on Education ……Page 50

George Berkeley (1685-1753): Empiricism Applied to Vision ……Page 51

David Hume (1711-1776): The Rules of Association ……Page 53

David Hartley (1705-1757): A Physiological Associationism ……Page 55

Close-Up: Raising a Philosopher ……Page 57

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873): On the Verge of Psychological Science ……Page 58

Mill’s Psychology ……Page 59

Mill’s Logic ……Page 60

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) ……Page 61

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) ……Page 62

In Perspective: Philosophical Foundations ……Page 63

Summary ……Page 64

Study Questions ……Page 65

Chapter 3 The Scientific Context……Page 66

Heroic Science in the Age of Enlightenment ……Page 67

Functioning of the Nervous System ……Page 68

Reflex Action ……Page 69

The Bell-Magendie Law ……Page 70

The Specific Energies of Nerves ……Page 72

Helmholtz: The Physiologist’s Physiologist ……Page 73

Measuring the Speed of Neural Impulses ……Page 74

Helmholtz on Vision and Audition ……Page 75

Helmholtz and the Problem of Perception ……Page 77

The Phrenology of Gall and Spurzheim ……Page 78

Close-Up: The Marketing of Phrenology ……Page 81

Flourens and the Method of Ablation ……Page 84

The Clinical Method ……Page 85

The Remarkable Phineas Gage ……Page 86

Broca and the Speech Center ……Page 87

Mapping the Brain: Electrical Stimulation ……Page 89

Neuron Theory ……Page 90

Sir Charles Sherrington: The Synapse ……Page 92

From the Miles Papers: Miles Visits Sherrington in Oxford ……Page 93

Summary ……Page 94

Study Questions ……Page 95

Chapter 4 Wundt and German Psychology……Page 97

An Education in Germany ……Page 98

On the Threshold of Experimental Psychology: Psychophysics ……Page 99

Johann Herbart (1776-1841) ……Page 100

Weber’s Law ……Page 101

Gustav Fechner (1801-1889) ……Page 102

Fechner’s Elements of Psychophysics ……Page 103

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920): Creating a New Science ……Page 104

Wundt’s Conception of the New Psychology ……Page 106

Studying Immediate Conscious Experience ……Page 107

Sensation and Perception ……Page 108

Mental Chronometry ……Page 109

Close-Up: An American in Leipzig ……Page 111

The Source of the Problem ……Page 112

The Real Wundt ……Page 113

The Wundtian Legacy ……Page 114

Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909): The Experimental Study of Memory ……Page 115

The Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve ……Page 118

G. E. Müller (1850-1934): The Experimentalist Prototype ……Page 119

Oswald Külpe (1862-1915): The Würzburg School ……Page 120

Mental Sets and Imageless Thoughts ……Page 122

Summary ……Page 123

Study Questions ……Page 124

Chapter 5 Darwin’s Century: Evolutionary Thinking……Page 126

The Species Problem ……Page 127

The Shaping of a Naturalist ……Page 128

The Voyage of the Beagle ……Page 130

Darwin the Zoologist ……Page 131

The Evolution of Darwin’s Theory ……Page 132

Darwin’s Delay ……Page 134

Elements of the Theory of Evolution ……Page 136

After the Origin of Species ……Page 137

Darwin and Psychology’s History ……Page 138

Darwin on the Evolution of Emotional Expressions ……Page 139

Close-Up: Douglas Spalding and the Experimental Study of Instinct ……Page 141

George Romanes (1848-1894) and the Anecdotal Method ……Page 142

Conwy Lloyd Morgan (1852-1936) and his “Canon” ……Page 144

Francis Galton (1822-1911): Jack of All Sciences ……Page 146

The Nature of Intelligence ……Page 147

Investigating Imagery and Association ……Page 150

Summary ……Page 152

Study Questions ……Page 153

Chapter 6 American Pioneers……Page 155

Faculty Psychology ……Page 156

The Modern University ……Page 157

Education for Women and Minorities ……Page 158

William James (1842-1910): The First of the “New” Psychologists in America ……Page 162

A Life at Harvard ……Page 163

Creating American Psychology’s Most Famous Textbook ……Page 165

Consciousness ……Page 166

Habit ……Page 167

Emotion ……Page 168

Spiritualism ……Page 169

G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924): Professionalizing the New Psychology ……Page 170

Hall’s Early Life and Education ……Page 171

From Johns Hopkins to Clark ……Page 172

Psychology at Clark ……Page 173

Close-Up: Creating Maze Learning ……Page 174

Hall and Developmental Psychology ……Page 176

Hall and Psychoanalysis ……Page 177

From the Miles Papers: Miles and the Invention of the Stylus Maze ……Page 179

Calkins’s Life and Work ……Page 180

Calkins’s Research on Association ……Page 181

From Psychology to Philosophy ……Page 182

Christine Ladd-Franklin (1847-1930) ……Page 183

Margaret Floy Washburn (1871-1939) ……Page 184

George Trumbull Ladd (1842-1921) ……Page 185

James Mark Baldwin (1861-1934) ……Page 186

In Perspective: The New Psychology at the Millennium ……Page 187

Summary ……Page 188

Study Questions ……Page 189

Chapter 7 Structuralism and Functionalism……Page 191

From Oxford to Leipzig to Cornell ……Page 192

Promoting Experimental Psychology at Cornell ……Page 193

The Manuals ……Page 195

The Experimentalists ……Page 197

Titchener’s Structuralist System ……Page 198

Close-Up: The Introspective Habit ……Page 199

The Structural Elements of Human Conscious Experience ……Page 200

Evaluating Titchener’s Contributions to Psychology ……Page 201

From the Miles Papers: Miles and the Carlisle Conference ……Page 202

America’s Psychology: Functionalism ……Page 203

John Dewey (1859-1952): The Reflex Arc ……Page 205

James R. Angell (1869-1949): The Province of Functional Psychology ……Page 207

Harvey Carr (1873-1954): The Maturing of Functionalism ……Page 209

James McKeen Cattell (1860-1944): An American Galton ……Page 210

Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949): Cats in Puzzle Boxes ……Page 213

Robert S. Woodworth (1869-1962): A Dynamic Psychology ……Page 218

In Perspective: Structuralism and Functionalism ……Page 220

Summary ……Page 221

Study Questions ……Page 222

Chapter 8 Applying the new Psychology……Page 224

The Desire for Application ……Page 225

From the Miles Papers: Miles and Stanford Football ……Page 226

Alfred Binet (1857-1911): The Birth of Modern Intelligence Testing ……Page 228

The Binet-Simon Scales ……Page 230

Henry H. Goddard (1866-1957): Binet’s Test Comes to America ……Page 231

The Kallikaks ……Page 233

Goddard and the Immigrants ……Page 235

The Stanford-Binet IQ Test ……Page 237

Terman Studies the Gifted ……Page 238

Close-Up: Leta Hollingworth: Advocating for Gifted Children and Debunking Myths about Women ……Page 240

Robert M. Yerkes (1876-1956): The Army Testing Program ……Page 242

Army Alpha and Army Beta ……Page 243

The Controversy over Intelligence ……Page 246

Applying Psychology to Business ……Page 248

Hugo Münsterberg (1863-1916): The Diversity of Applied Psychology ……Page 249

Münsterberg and Employee Selection ……Page 251

Walter Van Dyke Bingham (1880-1952) ……Page 253

Lillian Moller Gilbreth (1878-1972) ……Page 254

Harry Hollingworth (1880-1956) ……Page 255

Applied Psychology in Europe-Psychotechnics ……Page 256

In Perspective: Applied Psychology ……Page 257

Summary ……Page 258

Study Questions ……Page 259

Chapter 9 Gestalt Psychology……Page 260

The Origins and Early Development of Gestalt Psychology ……Page 261

Max Wertheimer (1880-1943): Founding Gestalt Psychology ……Page 263

Koffka (1886-1941) and Köhler (1887-1967): Cofounders ……Page 265

Close-Up: A Case of Espionage? ……Page 267

Gestalt Psychology and Perception ……Page 268

Principles of Perceptual Organization ……Page 269

The Gestalt Approach to Cognition and Learning ……Page 271

Köhler on Insight in Apes ……Page 272

Wertheimer on Productive Thinking ……Page 273

Other Gestalt Research on Cognition ……Page 274

Early Life and Career ……Page 276

From the Miles Papers: Miles Learns about the Nazi Version of Academic Freedom ……Page 277

Field Theory ……Page 278

Lewin as Developmental Psychologist ……Page 280

Lewin as Social Psychologist ……Page 282

Action Research ……Page 283

In Perspective: Gestalt Psychology in America ……Page 284

Summary ……Page 285

Study Questions ……Page 287

Chapter 10 The Origins of Behaviorism……Page 288

Behaviorism’s Antecedents ……Page 289

Pavlov’s Life and Work ……Page 290

Working in Pavlov’s Laboratory-The Physiology Factory ……Page 291

Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Research ……Page 293

Conditioning and Extinction ……Page 294

Experimental Neurosis ……Page 295

Pavlov and the Soviets ……Page 296

Pavlov and the Americans ……Page 298

Close-Up: Misportraying Pavlov’s Apparatus ……Page 299

From the Miles Papers: Miles Meets Pavlov ……Page 300

The Young Functionalist at Chicago ……Page 301

The Watson-Carr Maze Studies ……Page 302

Watson and Animal Behavior ……Page 304

Watson’s Behaviorist Manifesto ……Page 305

Studying Emotional Development ……Page 307

The Zenith and the Nadir of a Career: Little Albert ……Page 308

A New Life in Advertising ……Page 311

Popularizing Behaviorism ……Page 312

Evaluating Watsonian Behaviorism ……Page 313

Summary ……Page 315

Study Questions ……Page 316

Chapter 11 The Evolution of Behaviorism……Page 318

Post-Watsonian Behaviorism ……Page 319

Logical Positivism and Operationism ……Page 320

Neobehaviorism ……Page 322

Edwin R. Guthrie (1886-1959): Contiguity, Contiguity, Contiguity ……Page 323

One-Trial Learning ……Page 324

Evaluating Guthrie ……Page 325

Edward C. Tolman (1886-1959): A Purposive Behaviorism ……Page 326

Molar versus Molecular Behavior ……Page 327

Intervening Variables ……Page 328

Tolman’s Research Program ……Page 330

Latent Learning ……Page 331

Cognitive Maps ……Page 332

Evaluating Tolman ……Page 333

Clark Hull (1884-1952): A Hypothetico-Deductive System ……Page 335

Hull’s System ……Page 337

Postulate 4: Habit Strength ……Page 338

Evaluating Hull ……Page 339

B. F. Skinner (1904-1990): A Radical Behaviorism ……Page 341

The Experimental Analysis of Behavior ……Page 342

Operant Conditioning: A Primer ……Page 344

Skinner and Theory ……Page 345

Skinner and the Problem of Explanation ……Page 346

A Technology of Behavior ……Page 347

Close-Up: The IQ Zoo and the “Misbehavior of Organisms” ……Page 348

Evaluating Skinner ……Page 350

In Perspective: Neobehaviorism ……Page 351

Summary ……Page 352

Study Questions ……Page 353

Chapter 12 Mental Illness and its Treatment……Page 355

“Enlightened” Reform: Pinel, Tuke, Rush ……Page 356

The 19th-Century Asylum Movement ……Page 358

Reforming Asylums: Dix and Beers ……Page 361

Close-Up: Diagnosing Mental Illness ……Page 362

Mesmerism and Hypnosis ……Page 363

Mesmerism and Animal Magnetism ……Page 364

From Mesmerism to Hypnosis ……Page 365

The Hypnotism Controversies ……Page 366

Early Life and Education ……Page 368

Breuer and the Catharsis Method ……Page 370

Creating Psychoanalysis ……Page 372

The Importance of Sex ……Page 373

The Evolution of Psychoanalytic Theory ……Page 374

Freud’s Followers: Loyalty and Dissent ……Page 376

Psychoanalysis in America ……Page 377

Evaluating Freud ……Page 378

Criticisms ……Page 379

Summary ……Page 380

Study Questions ……Page 382

Chapter 13 Psychology’s Practitioners……Page 383

The Medical Approach to Mental Illness ……Page 384

A Shock to the System: Fever, Insulin, Metrazol, and Electricity ……Page 385

Close-Up: Shell Shock ……Page 386

No Reversal: Lobotomy, Transorbital and Otherwise ……Page 387

Clinical Psychology before World War II ……Page 389

Lightner Witmer (1867-1956): Creating Psychology’s First Clinic ……Page 390

Clinical Psychology Between the World Wars ……Page 392

The Emergence of Modern Clinical Psychology ……Page 393

The Boulder Model ……Page 394

The Eysenck Study: Problems for Psychotherapy ……Page 395

Behavior Therapy ……Page 396

Abraham Maslow and the Goal of Self-Actualization ……Page 397

Carl Rogers and Client-Centered Therapy ……Page 398

The Vail Conference and the PsyD Degree ……Page 401

Psychology and the World of Business and Industry ……Page 403

The Hawthorne Studies ……Page 405

In Perspective: Psychology’s Practitioners ……Page 407

Summary ……Page 408

Study Questions ……Page 409

Chapter 14 Psychology’s Researchers……Page 411

Jean Piaget (1896-1980): A Genetic Epistemology ……Page 412

Frederick C. Bartlett (1886-1969): Constructing Memory ……Page 414

Influences within Psychology ……Page 416

Influences External to Psychology ……Page 417

Close-Up: What Revolution? ……Page 419

Magical Numbers, Selective Filters, and TOTE Units ……Page 420

Neisser and the “Naming” of Cognitive Psychology ……Page 423

The Evolution of Cognitive Psychology ……Page 424

Other Research Areas ……Page 426

Karl Lashley (1890-1958) ……Page 427

From the Miles Papers: Miles Visits Lashley ……Page 429

Donald O. Hebb (1904-1985) ……Page 430

James J. Gibson (1904-1979) ……Page 431

Eleanor Gibson (1910-2002) ……Page 433

Social Psychology ……Page 434

Leon Festinger (1919-1989) ……Page 435

Stanley Milgram (1933-1984) ……Page 437

Henry Murray (1893-1988) ……Page 439

Gordon Allport (1897-1967) ……Page 440

In Perspective: Psychology’s Researchers ……Page 442

Summary ……Page 443

Study Questions ……Page 444

Researchers and Practitioners ……Page 445

The Growth and Diversity of Psychology ……Page 446

Women in Psychology’s History ……Page 447

Minorities in Psychology’s History ……Page 448

Trends in Modern Psychology ……Page 449

The Future: Psychology or Psychologies? ……Page 450

Summary ……Page 452

Study Questions ……Page 453

References ……Page 455

Glossary ……Page 485

Index ……Page 497

Timelines ……Page 511

EULA……Page 515

About the Author

C. James Goodwin is an emeritus professor at Wheeling Jesuit University, where he taught for 30 years before taking an early retirement. He is currently residing in the mountains of North Carolina and is Professor of Psychology at Western Carolina University. He earned a Bachelor’s degree from the College of the Holy Cross and a Master’s and PhD in experimental psychology from Florida State University, specializing in memory and cognition. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association in Divisions 2 (teaching) and 26 (history). His research interests on the empirical side are in the area of cognitive mapping, wayfinding, and spatial cognition, but his prime interest is in the early history of experimental psychology in the United States. He is the author of two undergraduate textbooks, one in research methods (Research in Psychology: Methods and Design) and one in the history of psychology (A History of Modern Psychology)

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