Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling 6th Edition by Richard S. Sharf, ISBN-13: 978-0357670705

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Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling 6th Edition by Richard S. Sharf, ISBN-13: 978-0357670705

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• Publisher: ‎ Cengage Learning; 6th edition (February 11, 2021)
• Language: ‎ English
• 498 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 0357670701
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0357670705

A must-read for counselors in training, Sharf’s APPLYING CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY TO COUNSELING, 6th Edition, shows you how to apply the principles of career development to a variety of counseling settings. This book is clearly written, filled with useful case examples, and includes integrated diversity coverage to give you the advantage in your course and your career. You’ll find information about websites on internships, education, counseling organizations, and jobs. The book’s Companion Website provides case studies, tutorial quizzes, and relevant links.

Table of Contents:

Cover Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Preface for Students

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1. Introduction

The Role of Theory in Psychology

Counselors’ Use of Career Development Theory

Client Population

Theories of Counseling and Theories of Career Development

Chunking

Counselor Skills

Helping Skills

Assessment Instruments

How Career Development Theory Relates to Career Counseling

Goals of Career Counseling

Goals, Career Development Theory, and Ethics

Autonomy

Nonmaleficence

Beneficence

Justice

Fidelity

Career Development of Women

Career Development of Culturally Diverse Populations

What’s Ahead

References

Part I. Trait and Type Theories

Chapter 2. Trait and Factor Theory

Step 1: Gaining Self-Understanding

Aptitudes

Achievement

Interests

Values

Personality

Example of Step 1

Step 2: Obtaining Knowledge about the World of Work

Types of Occupational Information

Classification Systems

Trait and Factor Requirements

What the Counselor Needs to Know

Example of Step 2

Step 3: Integrating Information about Oneself and the World of Work

How the Counselor Can Help

Example of Step 3

Applying the Theory to Women

Applying the Theory to Culturally Diverse Populations

Counselor Issues

Summary

References

Chapter 3. Occupations: Information and Theory

The United States Labor Market

Sociological and Economic Approaches

Youth Employment

The Effect of the Work Environment on the Individual

Status Attainment Theory

Human Capital Theory

The Structure of the Labor Market

Women and Discrimination in the Workplace

Culturally Diverse Individuals and Discrimination in the Workplace

Summary

References

Chapter 4. Work Adjustment Theory

Step 1: Assessing Abilities, Values, Personality, and Interests

Abilities

Values

Personality Styles

Interests

A Counseling Example

Step 2: Measuring the Requirements and Conditions of Occupations

Ability Patterns

Value Patterns

Combining Ability and Value Patterns

Step 3: Matching Abilities, Values, and Reinforcers

Job Adjustment Counseling

Adjustment to Retirement

Application to Gifted Adolescents

The Role of Assessment Instruments

The Role of Occupational Information

Applying the Theory to Women and Culturally Diverse Populations

Counselor Issues

Summary

References

Chapter 5. Holland’s Theory of Types

The Six Types

Realistic

Investigative

Artistic

Social

Enterprising

Conventional

Combinations of Types

Explanatory Constructs

Congruence

Differentiation

Consistency

Identity

Research on Holland’s Constructs

The Role of Occupational Information

The Role of Assessment Instruments

Applying the Theory to Women

Applying the Theory to Culturally Diverse Populations

Counselor Issues

Summary

References

Chapter 6. Myers-Briggs Type Theory

Perceiving and Judging

The Two Ways of Perceiving

The Two Ways of Judging

Combinations of Perceiving and Judging

Two Counseling Examples

The Preference for Perception or Judgment

Extraversion and Introversion

The Sixteen Type Combinations

Dominant and Auxiliary Processes

Using the Myers-Briggs Typology in Counseling

Example of Career Decision-Making Counseling

Example of Career Adjustment Counseling

The Role of Occupational Information

The Role of Assessment Instruments

Applying the Theory to Women and Culturally Diverse Populations

Counselor Issues

Summary

References

Part II. Life-Span Theory

Chapter 7. Career Development in Childhood

Super’s Model of the Career Development of Children

Curiosity

Exploration

Information

Key Figures

Internal versus External Control

Development of Interests

Time Perspective

Self-Concept and Planfulness

Modifications of Super’s Early Growth Stage of Career Development

Modifications of Super’s Fantasy Substage

Modification of Super’s Interest Substage

Using Super’s Model in Counseling Children

Gottfredson’s Theory of Self-Creation, Circumscription, and Compromise

Cognitive Growth

Self-Creation

Circumscription

Compromise

Implications of Gottfredson’s Theory for Super’s Theory

Use of Gottfredson’s and Super’s Concepts in Counseling

Career Development of Children from Culturally Diverse Backgrounds

The Role of Occupational Information

Occupational Information in Counseling

School-to-Work Programs Designed for Children

The Role of Assessment Instruments

Counselor Issues

Summary

References

Chapter 8. Adolescent Career Development

Factors Influencing Adolescent Career Development

Super’s Late Growth Stage of Adolescent Career Development

Development of Capacities

Development of Values

Transition to the Crystallizing Substage

Modifications of Super’s Late Growth Stage of Adolescent Career Development

Level 4: Internal Processes and Capacities

Level 5: Interaction

Level 6: Systemic Interaction

A Counseling Example

Career Maturity

Super’s Conception of Career Maturity

Identity and Context

A Counseling Example

The Role of Occupational Information

The Role of Assessment Instruments

Gender Issues in Adolescence

A Counseling Example

Career Development of Adolescents from Diverse Cultural Backgrounds

Case Example

Counselor Issues

Summary

References

Chapter 9. Late Adolescent and Adult Career Development

Role Salience

Life Roles

Indicators of the Salience of Life Roles

Adult Life Stages

Exploration

Emerging Adulthood (Arnett)

Establishment

Maintenance

Disengagement

Recycling

Life Stages of Women

Life Stages of Culturally Diverse Adults

Counselor Issues

Summary

References

Chapter 10. Adult Career Crises and Transitions

Types of Transitions

Categories and Approaches to Career Transitions

The Kaleidoscope Career

Boundaryless Careers

The Protean Career

The Career Transitions Inventory

Nonnormative Career Events

Persistent Occupational Problems

Models of Transitions and Crises

Hopson and Adams’s Model of Adult Transitions

Immobilization

Minimization

Self-Doubt

Letting Go

Testing Out

Search for Meaning

Internalization

Career Crises Affecting Women

Temporary Reentry into and Leave-Taking from the Labor Force

Sexual Harassment

Career Crises Affecting Culturally Diverse Populations

Counselor Issues

Summary

References

Part III. Special Focus Theories

Chapter 11. Constructivist and Narrative Approaches to Career Development

Narrative Counseling

Storytelling

Goals of Assessment in Narrative Counseling

Cochran’s Narrative Career Counseling

Elaborating a Career Problem

Composing a Life History

Eliciting a Future Narrative

Reality Construction

Changing a Life Structure

Enacting a Role

Crystallizing a Decision

Savickas’s Career Construction Theory

Vocational Personality—Holland’s Theory

Developmental Tasks of Career Adaptability

Dimensions of Career Adaptability

Life Themes

Career Counseling Using the Career Construction Interview

Career Style Interview with Tiffany

Career Counseling Using Career Construction Theory

The Role of Assessment Instruments

The Role of Occupational Information

Applying the Theories to Women and Culturally Diverse Populations

Counselor Issues

Summary

References

Chapter 12. Relational Approaches to Career Development

Roe’s Personality Development Theory

Attachment Theory

Parent-Child Career Interactions

Family Systems Therapy

Phillips’s Developmental-Relational Model

Actions of Others

Self-Directedness

Counseling Example of the Developmental-Relational Model

Blustein’s Relational Theory of Working

Blustein’s Propositions for the Relational Theory of Working

Applying the Theories to Women and Culturally Diverse Populations

Summary

References

Chapter 13. Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory

Genetic Influences

Environmental Conditions and Events

Social Conditions

Parents and Caretakers

Peer Groups

Structured Educational Settings

Occupational Conditions

Learning Experiences

Instrumental Learning Experiences (H)

Associative Learning Experiences (O)

Task-Approach Skills

Client Cognitive and Behavioral Skills

Self-Observation Generalizations about Abilities

Self-Observation Generalizations about Interests

Self-Observation Generalizations about Values

Generalizations about the World

Task-Approach Skills Used in Career Decision Making

Counselor Behavioral Strategies

Reinforcement

Role Models

Role-Playing

Simulation

Cognitive Strategies for Counseling

Goal Clarification

Counter a Troublesome Belief

Look for Inconsistencies between Words and Actions

Cognitive Rehearsal

Happenstance Learning Theory: Fundamental Goals for Career Counseling

Applying Happenstance Learning Theory to Career Counseling

Step 1: Normalize Happenstance Learning Theory in the Client’s History

Step 2: Assist Clients to Transform Curiosity into Opportunities for Learning and Exploration

Step 3: Teach Clients to Produce Desirable Chance Events

Step 4: Teach Clients to Overcome Blocks to Action

The Role of Occupational Information

The Role of Assessment Instruments

Applying Social Learning Theory to Women

Applying Social Learning Theory to Culturally Diverse Populations

Counselor Issues

Summary

References

Chapter 14. Social Cognitive Career Theory

Self-Efficacy

Outcome Expectations

Goals

Contextual Factors: Barriers and Supports

Social Cognitive Model of Career Choice

Counseling Example

Social Cognitive Model of the Development of Interests

Social Cognitive Model of Performance

Social Cognitive Model of Work and Life Satisfaction

The Role of Occupational Information

The Role of Assessment Instruments

Applying Social Cognitive Career Theory to Women

Applying Social Cognitive Theory to Culturally Diverse Populations

Counselor Issues

Summary

References

Chapter 15. Career Decision-Making Approaches

A Spiritual Perspective on Decision Making

Spirituality (Bloch and Richmond)

Miller-Tiedeman’s Lifecareer Theory

A Case Example of Spiritual Counseling

Holistic Approach to Life Planning (Hansen)

A Cognitive Information-Processing Approach

Assumptions of a Cognitive Information-Processing Approach

The Pyramid of Information Processing

The Executive Processing Domain

Materials for Counselors and Students

The Role of Occupational Information

The Role of Assessment Instruments

Applying the Theories to Women and Culturally Diverse Populations

Counselor Issues

Summary

References

Part IV. Theoretical Integration

Chapter 16. Theories in Combination

Outline of Theories and Their Strengths and Weaknesses

An Integrative Approach

Combining Theories

Combining Life-Span Theory with Trait and Factor and Career Decision-Making Theories

Combining Trait and Factor Theories

Combining Career Decision-Making Theories

The Counselor’s Choice

Noncounseling Applications of Theories

Screening Methods

Paper-and-Pencil Materials

Computerized Guidance Systems

Internet

Special Counseling Issues

Group Career Counseling

Career Counseling as a Related Issue

Changing Work Settings

Placement Counseling

Use of Assessment Instruments in Theories

Occupational Classification Systems and Career Development Theories

How Theories Apply to Career Development Issues of Women

How Theories Apply to Cultural Diversity Issues in Career Development

Counselor Issues

Trait and Factor Theories

Life-Span Theories

Career Decision-Making Theories

Sociological and Economic Approaches

Conclusion

References

Appendix A. CACREP Standards

Appendix B. Tests and Their Publishers

Appendix C. Web Sites

Richard S. Sharf has been a counseling psychologist at the Center for Counseling and Student Development at the University of Delaware for 37 years, providing counseling to university students. He also was the internship coordinator for the Psychology Doctoral Internship program. In addition, he taught graduate courses in counseling in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies. In writing THEORIES OF PSYCHOTHERAPY AND COUNSELING: CONCEPTS AND CASES, he corresponded with over 70 experts on theories of psychotherapy to ensure that the book is accurate and up to date. He is also author of APPLYING CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY TO COUNSELING, 6th Edition (2014, Cengage Learning).

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