Design and Construction of Modern Steel Railway Bridges 2nd Edition by John F. Unsworth, ISBN-13: 978-1498734103
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Design and Construction of Modern Steel Railway Bridges 2nd Edition by John F. Unsworth, ISBN-13: 978-1498734103
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- Publisher: CRC Press; 2nd edition (August 24, 2017)
- Language: English
- 708 pages
- ISBN-10: 1498734103
- ISBN-13: 978-1498734103
This new edition encompasses current design methods used for steel railway bridges in both SI and Imperial (US Customary) units. It discusses the planning of railway bridges and the appropriate types of bridges based on planning considerations. Modern steel material properties and the loads applied to steel railway bridge superstructures are followed by methods of structural analysis used for modern steel railway bridge design. It also presents the design of axial force members used in truss construction, flexural members used for beam and girder bridges, and the connections used in all bridges are outlined, as well as bridge loads and moving load analysis. It also includes information concerning the fabrication and erection of steel railway superstructures.
Table of Contents:
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Acknowledgment
Preface to the Second Edition
Author
Chapter 1 History and Development of Steel Railway Bridges
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Iron Railway Bridges
1.2.1 Cast Iron Construction
1.2.2 Wrought Iron Construction
1.3 Steel Railway Bridges
1.4 The Development of Railway Bridge Engineering
1.4.1 Strength of Materials and Structural Mechanics
1.4.2 Railway Bridge Design Specifications
1.4.3 Modern Steel Railway Bridge Design
Bibliography
Chapter 2 Steel for Modern Railway Bridges
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Manufacture of Structural Steel
2.3 Engineering Properties of Steel
2.3.1 Strength
2.3.1.1 Elastic Yield Strength of Steel
2.3.1.2 Fatigue Strength of Steel
2.3.2 Ductility
2.3.3 Fracture Resistance
2.3.4 Weldability
2.3.5 Corrosion Resistance
2.4 Types of Structural Steel
2.4.1 Carbon Steels
2.4.2 High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels
2.4.3 Heat-Treated Low-Alloy Steels
2.4.4 High-Performance Steels
2.5 Structural Steel for Railway Superstructures
2.5.1 Material Properties
2.5.2 Structural Steel for Modern North American Railway Superstructures
References
Chapter 3 Planning and Preliminary Design of Modern Steel Railway Bridges
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Planning of Railway Bridges
3.2.1 Bridge Crossing Economics
3.2.2 Railroad Operating Requirements
3.2.3 Site Conditions (Public and Technical Requirements of Bridge Crossings)
3.2.3.1 Regulatory Requirements
3.2.3.2 Hydrology and Hydraulics of the Bridge Crossing
3.2.3.3 Highway, Railway, and Marine Clearances
3.2.3.4 Geotechnical Conditions
3.2.4 Geometry of the Track and Bridge
3.2.4.1 Horizontal Geometry of the Bridge
3.2.4.2 Vertical Geometry of the Bridge
3.3 Preliminary Design of Steel Railway Bridges
3.3.1 Bridge A Esthetics
3.3.2 Steel Railway Bridge Superstructures
3.3.2.1 Bridge Decks for Steel Railway Bridges
3.3.2.2 Bridge Framing Details
3.3.2.3 Bridge Bearings
3.3.3 Bridge Stability
3.3.4 Pedestrian Walkways
3.3.5 General Design Criteria
3.3.5.1 Structural Analysis for Modern Steel Superstructure Design
3.3.5.2 Structural Design for Modern Steel Superstructure Fabrication
3.3.6 Fabrication Considerations
3.3.7 Erection Considerations
3.3.8 Detailed Design of the Superstructure
References
Chapter 4 Loads and Forces on Steel Railway Bridges
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Dead Loads
4.3 Railway Live Loads
4.3.1 Static Freight Train Live Load
4.3.1.1 Cooper’s Design Live Load for Projected Railway Equipment
4.3.1.2 Fatigue Design Live Load for Railway Equipment
4.3.2 Dynamic Freight Train Live Load
4.3.2.1 Rocking and Vertical Dynamic Forces
4.3.2.2 Design Impact Load
4.3.2.3 Longitudinal Forces due to Traction and Braking
4.3.2.4 Centrifugal Forces
4.3.2.5 Lateral Forces from Moving Freight Equipment
4.3.3 Distribution of Live Load
4.3.3.1 Distribution of Live Load for Open Deck Steel Bridges
4.3.3.2 Distribution of Live Load for Ballasted Deck Steel Bridges
4.3.3.3 Distribution of Live Load for Direct Fixation Deck Steel Bridges
4.4 Environmental and Other Steel Railway Bridge Design Forces
4.4.1 Wind Forces on Steel Railway Bridges
4.4.2 Thermal Forces from Continuous Welded Rail on Steel Railway Bridges
4.4.2.1 Safe Rail Separation Criteria
4.4.2.2 Safe Stress in the CWR to Preclude Buckling
4.4.2.3 Acceptable Relative Displacement between Rail-to-Deck and Deck-to-Span
4.4.2.4 Design for CWR on Steel Railway Bridges
4.4.3 Seismic Forces on Steel Railway Bridges
4.4.3.1 Equivalent Static Lateral Force
4.4.3.2 Response Spectrum Analysis of Steel Railway Superstructures
4.4.4 Loads Relating to Overall Stability of the Superstructure
4.4.4.1 Derailment Load
4.4.4.2 Other Loads for Overall Lateral Stability
4.4.5 Pedestrian Loads
4.5 Load and Force Combinations for Design of Steel Railway Superstructures
References
Chapter 5 Structural Analysis and Design of Steel Railway Bridges
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Structural Analysis of Steel Railway Superstructures
5.2.1 Live Load Analysis of Steel Railway Superstructures
5.2.1.1 Maximum Shear Force and Bending Moment due to Moving Concentrated Loads on Simply Supported
5.2.1.2 Influence Lines for Maximum Effects of Moving Loads on Superstructures
5.2.1.3 Equivalent Uniform Loads for Maximum Shear Force and Bending Moment in Simply Supported Span
5.2.1.4 Maximum Shear Force and Bending Moment in Simply Supported Spans from Equations and Tables
5.2.1.5 Modern Structural Analysis
5.2.2 Lateral Load Analysis of Steel Railway Superstructures
5.2.2.1 Lateral Bracing Systems
5.3 Structural Design of Steel Railway Superstructures
5.3.1 Failure Modes of Steel Railway Superstructures
5.3.2 Steel Railway Superstructure Design
5.3.2.1 Strength Design
5.3.2.2 Serviceability Design
5.3.2.3 Other Design Criteria for Steel Railway Bridges
References
Chapter 6 Design of Axial Force Steel Members
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Axial Tension Members
6.2.1 Strength of Axial Tension Members
6.2.1.1 Net Area, A[sub(n)], of Tension Members
6.2.1.2 Effective Net Area, A[sub(e)], of Tension Members
6.2.2 Fatigue Strength of Axial Tension Members
6.2.3 Serviceability of Axial Tension Members
6.2.4 Design of Axial Tension Members for Steel Railway Bridges
6.3 Axial Compression Members
6.3.1 Strength of Axial Compression Members
6.3.1.1 Elastic Compression Members
6.3.1.2 Inelastic Compression Members
6.3.1.3 Yielding of Compression Members
6.3.1.4 Compression Member Design for Steel Railway Superstructures
6.3.2 Serviceability of Axial Compression Members
6.3.3 Axial Compression Members in Steel Railway Superstructures
6.3.3.1 Buckling Strength of Built-Up Compression Members
References
Chapter 7 Design of Flexural Steel Members
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Strength Design of Noncomposite Flexural Members
7.2.1 Bending of Laterally Supported Beams and Girders
7.2.2 Bending of Laterally Unsupported Beams and Girders
7.2.3 Shearing of Beams and Girders
7.2.3.1 Shearing of Rectangular Beams
7.2.3.2 Shearing of I-Shaped Sections
7.2.3.3 Design for Shearing of Shapes and Plate Girders
7.2.4 Biaxial Bending of Beams and Girders
7.2.5 Preliminary Design of Beams and Girders
7.2.6 Plate Girder Design
7.2.6.1 Main Girder Elements
7.2.6.2 Secondary Girder Elements
7.2.7 Box Girder Design
7.2.7.1 Steel Box Girders
7.2.7.2 Steel–Concrete Composite Box Girders
7.3 Serviceability Design of Noncomposite Flexural Members
7.4 Strength Design of Steel and Concrete Composite Flexural Members
7.4.1 Flexure in Composite Steel and Concrete Spans
7.4.2 Shearing of Composite Beams and Girders
7.4.2.1 Web Plate Shear
7.4.2.2 Shear Connection between Steel and Concrete
7.5 Serviceability Design of Composite Flexural Members
References
Chapter 8 Design of Steel Members for Combined Forces
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Biaxial Bending
8.3 Unsymmetrical Bending (Combined Bending and Torsion)
8.4 Combined Axial Forces and Bending of Members
8.4.1 Axial Tension and Uniaxial Bending
8.4.2 Axial Compression and Uniaxial Bending
8.4.2.1 Differential Equation for Axial Compression and Bending in a Simply Supported Beam
8.4.2.2 Interaction Equations for Axial Compression and Uniaxial Bending
8.4.3 Axial Compression and Biaxial Bending
8.4.4 AREMA Recommendations for Combined Axial Compression and Biaxial Bending
8.5 Combined Bending and Shear of Plates
References
Chapter 9 Design of Connections for Steel Members
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Welded Connections
9.2.1 Welding Processes for Steel Railway Bridges
9.2.1.1 Shielded Metal Arc Welding
9.2.1.2 Submerged Arc Welding
9.2.1.3 Flux Cored Arc Welding
9.2.1.4 Stud Welding
9.2.1.5 Welding Electrodes
9.2.2 Weld Types
9.2.2.1 Groove Welds
9.2.2.2 Fillet Welds
9.2.3 Joint Types
9.2.4 Welded Joint Design
9.2.4.1 Allowable Weld Stresses
9.2.4.2 Fatigue Strength of Welds
9.2.4.3 Weld Line Properties
9.2.4.4 Direct Axial Loads on Welded Connections
9.2.4.5 Eccentrically Loaded Welded Connections
9.2.4.6 Girder Flange to Web “T” Joints
9.3 Bolted Connections
9.3.1 Bolting Processes for Steel Railway Superstructures
9.3.1.1 Snug-Tight Bolt Installation
9.3.1.2 Pretensioned Bolt Installation
9.3.1.3 Slip-Critical Bolt Installation
9.3.2 Bolt Types
9.3.2.1 Common Steel Bolts
9.3.2.2 High-Strength Steel Bolts
9.3.3 Joint Types
9.3.4 Bolted Joint Design
9.3.4.1 Allowable Bolt Stresses
9.3.4.2 Axially Loaded Members with Bolts in Shear
9.3.4.3 Eccentrically Loaded Connections with Bolts in Shear and Tension
9.3.4.4 Axially Loaded Connections with Bolts in Direct Tension
9.3.4.5 Axial Member Splices
9.3.4.6 Beam and Girder Splices
References
Chapter 10 Construction of Steel Railway Bridges: Superstructure Fabrication
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Fabrication Planning
10.2.1 Project Cost Estimating
10.2.2 Shop Drawings for Steel Fabrication
10.2.3 Fabrication Shop Production Scheduling and Detailed Cost Estimating
10.2.4 Material Procurement for Fabrication
10.3 Steel Fabrication Processes
10.3.1 Material Preparation
10.3.1.1 Layout and Marking of Plates and Shapes
10.3.1.2 Cutting of Plates and Shapes
10.3.1.3 Straightening, Bending, Curving, and Cambering of Plates and Shapes
10.3.1.4 Surface Preparation
10.3.1.5 Heat Treatment
10.3.2 Punching and Drilling of Plates and Shapes
10.3.2.1 Hole Quality
10.3.2.2 Punching and Drilling Accuracy for Shop and Field Fasteners
10.3.3 Shop Assembly for Fit-Up of Steel Plates and Shapes
10.3.3.1 Fabrication of Cambered Superstructure Assemblies
10.3.3.2 Shop Assembly of Longitudinal Beams, Girders, and Trusses
10.3.3.3 Progressive Shop Assembly of Longitudinal Beams, Girders, and Trusses
10.3.3.4 Shop Assembly of Bolted Splices and Connections
10.3.3.5 Fit-Up for Shop Welded Splices and Connections
10.3.3.6 Fabrication and Erection Tolerances
10.4. Bolting of Plates and Shapes
10.5 Welding of Plates and Shapes
10.5.1 Shop Welding Processes
10.5.2 Shop Welding Procedures
10.5.3 Effects of Welding on Plates and Shapes
10.5.3.1 Welding Flaws
10.5.3.2 Welding-Induced Cracking
10.5.3.3 Welding-Induced Distortion
10.5.3.4 Welding-Induced Residual Stresses
10.5.3.5 Welding-Induced Lamellar Tearing
10.6 Coating of Steel Plates and Shapes for Railway Superstructures
10.7 QC and QA of Fabrication
10.7.1 QC Inspection of Fabrication
10.7.2 QA Inspection of Fabrication
10.7.2.1 Shop or Detail Drawing Review
10.7.2.2 Inspection of Raw Materials
10.7.2.3 Inspection of Fabricated Members
10.7.2.4 Assembly Inspection
10.7.2.5 Bolting Inspection
10.7.2.6 Welding Inspection
10.7.2.7 Coatings Inspection
10.7.2.8 Final Inspection for Shipment
10.7.3 NDT for QC and QA Inspection of Welded Fabrication
10.7.3.1 Dye-Penetrant Testing
10.7.3.2 Magnetic Particle Testing (Figure 10.25)
10.7.3.3 Ultrasonic Testing (Figure 10.26)
10.7.3.4 Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing
10.7.3.5 Radiographic Testing (Figure 10.27)
Bibliography
Chapter 11 Construction of Steel Railway Bridges: Superstructure Erection
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Erection Planning
11.2.1 Erection Methods and Procedures Planning
11.2.2 Erection Methods and Equipment Planning
11.2.2.1 Erection with Cranes and Derricks
11.2.2.2 Erection on Falsework and Lateral Skidding of Superstructures
11.2.2.3 Erection by Flotation with Barges
11.2.2.4 Erection with Stationary and Movable Frames
11.2.2.5 Other Erection Methods
11.3 Erection Engineering
11.3.1 Erection Engineering for Member Strength and Stability
11.3.2 Erection Engineering for Cranes and Derricks
11.3.2.1 Stationary Derricks
11.3.2.2 Mobile Cranes
11.3.3 Erection Engineering for Falsework
11.3.4 Erection Engineering for Cranes, Derricks, and Falsework on Barges
11.3.5 Erection Engineering for Stationary and Movable Frames
11.3.6 Engineering for Other Erection Methods
11.3.6.1 Erection Engineering for Launching
11.3.6.2 Erection Engineering for Cantilever Construction
11.3.6.3 Engineering for Tower and Cable, and Catenary High-Line Erection
11.3.6.4 Engineering for SPMT Erection
11.4 Erection Execution
11.4.1 Erection by Mobile Cranes
11.4.2 Falsework Construction
11.4.3 Erection Fit-Up
11.4.4 Erection of Field Splices and Connections
11.4.4.1 Welded Field Splices and Connections
11.4.4.2 Bolted Field Splices and Connections
11.4.5 Field Erection Completion
Bibliography
Appendix A: Design of a Ballasted through Plate Girder (BTPG) Superstructure
Appendix B: Design of a Ballasted Deck Plate Girder (BDPG) Superstructure
Appendix C: Units of Measurement
Index
John F. Unsworth is a professional engineer (P. Eng.). Since completion of a B.Eng. in Civil Engineering and M.Eng. in Structural Engineering, he has held Professional Engineering and Management positions concerning track, bridge and structures maintenance, design and construction at Canadian Pacific Railway.
He is a former President of the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-way Association (AREMA) and has served as Chairman of AREMA Committee 15 – Steel Structures. He currently serves as an emeritus member of AREMA Committee 15. In addition, he is the current Chair of the Association of American Railroads (AAR) Bridge Research Advisory Group and is a former member of the National Academy of Sciences Transportation Research Board (TRB) Steel Bridges Committee. He is also a member of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering (CSCE), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) and International Association of Bridge and Structural Engineers (IABSE). He is a licensed Professional Engineer in six Canadian Provinces.
He has written papers and presented at AREMA Annual Technical Conferences, the International Conference on Arch Bridges, TRB Annual Meetings, CSCE Bridge Conferences, the ASCE Structures Congress and the International Bridge Conference (IBC). He has also contributed to the fifth edition of the Structural Steel Designer’s Handbook and the International Heavy Haul Association (IHHA) Best Practices books.
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