Medical Terminology for Health Professions 9th Edition by Carol L. Schroeder, ISBN-13: 978-0357513699

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Medical Terminology for Health Professions 9th Edition by Carol L. Schroeder, ISBN-13: 978-0357513699

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• Publisher: ‎ Cengage Learning; 9th edition (September 24, 2021)
• Language: ‎ English
• 672 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 035751369X
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0357513699

Now in its 9th Edition, Schroeder/Ehrlich/Schroeder Smith/Ehrlich’s MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONS focuses on the current, relevant terms you need to know to succeed in the health care field. The program is designed to simplify the process of memorizing complex medical terminology by focusing on the importance of word parts — common prefixes, suffixes and root words. Every chapter helps you practice the pronunciation and understanding of key terms through interactive activities, real-life medical scenarios and critical thinking exercises. Reflecting real-world practice, all terms, definitions, procedures, illustrations and data are completely up to date. The latest edition of this market leader includes expanded coverage of gender identity and gender reassignment, COVID-19, advanced directives, durable medical equipment, dental procedures, diabetic pathology, and more.

Table of Contents:

Cover Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Preface

About the Authors

Acknowledgements

How to Use This Book

Chapter 1. Introduction to Medical Terminology

Primary Medical Terms

Word Parts are the Key

The Four Types of Word Parts

Word Roots

Combining Forms Vowels

Suffixes

Suffixes as Noun Endings

Suffixes Meaning “Pertaining To”

Suffixes Meaning “Abnormal Condition or Disease”

Suffixes Related to Pathology

Suffixes Related to Procedures

The “Double R” Suffixes

Prefixes

Contrasting and Confusing Prefixes

Determining Meanings on the Basis of Word Parts

Taking Terms Apart

Guessing at Meanings

Medical Dictionary Use

If You Know How to Spell the Word

If You Do Not Know How to Spell the Word

Look Under Categories

Multiple-Word Terms

Searching for Definitions on the Internet

Pronunciation

A Word of Caution

Spelling is always Important

Singular and Plural Endings

Basic Medical Terms to Describe Diseases

Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Terms and Word Parts

arteri/o, ather/o, and arthr/o

-ectomy, -ostomy, and -otomy

Fissure and Fistula

Ileum and Ilium

Infection and Inflammation

Laceration and Lesion

Mucous and Mucus

myc/o, myel/o, and my/o

-ologist and -ology

Palpation and Palpitation

pyel/o, py/o, and pyr/o

Supination and Suppuration

Triage and Trauma

Viral and Virile

Using Abbreviations

Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise

Chapter 2. The Human Body in Health and Disease

Anatomical Reference Systems

Anatomy and Physiology Defined

The Body Planes

Body Direction Terms

Major Body Cavities

Structures of the Body

Cells

The Structure of Cells

Stem Cells

Genetics

Dominant and Recessive Genes

The Human Genome

Chromosomes

Dna

Genetic Mutation

Genetic Disorders

Tissues

Epithelial Tissue

Connective Tissue

Muscle Tissue

Nerve Tissue

Pathology of Tissue Formation

Glands

Pathology and Procedures of The Glands

Body Systems and Related Organs

Pathology

Disease Transmission

Outbreaks of Diseases

Types of Diseases

Syndromes

Congenital Disorders

Aging and Death

Advance Directives

Health Care Professionals

Abbreviations Related to the Human Body in Health and Disease

Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise

Word Part Review

Word Part Practice Session

Word Part Post-Test

Chapter 3. The Skeletal System

Structures and Functions of the Skeletal System

The Formation of Bones

The Structure of Bones

The Tissues of Bone

Bone Marrow

Cartilage

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

Joints

Fibrous Joints

Cartilaginous Joints

Synovial Joints

The Skeleton

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Bones of the Skull

Thoracic Cavity

The Shoulders

The Arms

The Wrists, Hands, and Fingers

The Spinal Column

The Pelvis

The Legs and Knees

The Ankles

The Feet and Toes

Medical Specialties Related to the Skeletal System

Pathology of the Skeletal System

Joints

Arthritis

The Spinal Column

Bones

Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Compared

Osteoporosis-Related Fractures

Fractures

Diagnostic Procedures of the Skeletal System

Bone Density Testing

Treatment Procedures of the Skeletal System

Medications

Bone Marrow Transplants

Types of Bone Marrow Transplants

Medical Devices

Joints

Spinal Column

Bones

Treatment of Fractures

Abbreviations Related to the Skeletal System

Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise

Chapter 4. The Muscular System

Functions of the Muscular System

Structures of the Muscular System

Muscle Fibers

Fascia

Tendons

Types of Muscle Tissue

Skeletal Muscles

Smooth Muscles

Myocardial Muscle

Muscle Contraction and Relaxation

Muscle Innervation

Antagonistic Muscle Pairs

Contrasting Muscle Motion

Abduction and Adduction

Flexion and Extension

Elevation and Depression

Rotation and Circumduction

Supination and Pronation

Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion

How Muscles are Named

Muscles Named for Their Origin and Insertion

Muscles Named for Their Action

Muscles Named for Their Location

Muscles Named for Fiber Direction

Muscles Named for Number of Divisions

Muscles Named for Their Size or Shape

Muscles Named for Strange Reasons

Select Muscles and Their Functions

Muscles of the Head

Muscles of the Trunk

Muscles of the Shoulders and Arms

Muscles of the Legs

Medical Specialties Related to the Muscular System

Pathology of the Muscular System

Fibers, Fascia, and Tendons

Muscle Disorders

Repetitive Stress Disorders

Sports Injuries

Spinal Cord Injuries

Types of Paralysis

Diagnostic Procedures of the Muscular System

Treatment Procedures of the Muscular System

Medications

Ergonomics

Treatment Techniques

Fascia

Tendons

Muscles

Abbreviations Related to the Muscular System

Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise

Chapter 5. The Cardiovascular System

Functions of the Cardiovascular System

Structures of the Cardiovascular System

The Heart

The Pericardium

The Walls of the Heart

The Chambers of the Heart

The Valves of the Heart

Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

The Heartbeat

The Blood Vessels

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

Blood

Plasma

Formed Elements of the Blood

Blood Types

The Rh Factor

Blood Gases

Medical Specialties Related to the Cardiovascular System

Pathology of the Cardiovascular System

Congenital Heart Defects

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Atherosclerosis

Ischemia

Angina

Myocardial Infarction

Heart Failure

Carditis

Diseases of the Myocardium

Heart Valves

Arrhythmia and Cardiac Arrest

Atrial and Ventricular Fibrillations

Blood Vessel Abnormalities

Thromboses and Embolisms

Blood Disorders

Hypertension

Hypotension

Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System

Electrocardiography

Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System

Medications

Additional Medications

Nutritional Interventions

Cardiac Surgery

Clearing Blocked Arteries and Veins

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Treatment of Cardiac Arrest, Arrhythmias, and Valves

Blood Vessels, Blood, and Bleeding

Abbreviations Related to the Cardiovascular System

Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise

Chapter 6. The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Functions of the Lymphatic System

Absorption of Fats and Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Interstitial Fluid and Lymph Creation

Structures of the Lymphatic System

Lymphatic Circulation

Lymphatic Capillaries

Lymphatic Vessels and Ducts

Lymphocytes

Additional Structures of the Lymphatic System

The Tonsils

The Thymus Gland

The Vermiform Appendix

The Spleen

The Immune System’s First Line of Defense

The Antigen–Antibody Reaction

Immunoglobulins

Medical Specialties Related to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures of the Lymphatic System

Lymphedema

Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures of the Immune System

Allergic Reactions

Autoimmune Disorders

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Treatment of the Immune System

Immunotherapy

Antibody Therapy

HIV Treatment

Immunosuppression

Pathogenic Organisms

Bacteria

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Fungus and Yeast Infections

Parasites

Viral Infections

Herpesviruses

Medications to Control Infections

Oncology

Tumors

Cancer

Carcinomas

Sarcomas

Staging Tumors

Lymphomas

Breast Cancer

Cancer Treatments

Surgery

Chemotherapy

Radiation Therapy

Additional Cancer Treatment Therapies

Abbreviations Related to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise

Chapter 7. The Respiratory System

Functions of the Respiratory System

The Nose

The Tonsils

The Paranasal Sinuses

The Pharynx

Larynx

The Trachea

The Bronchi

The Alveoli

The Lungs

The Mediastinum

The Pleura

The Diaphragm

Respiration

Inhalation and Exhalation

Medical Specialties Related to the Respiratory System

Pathology of the Respiratory System

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Asthma

Upper Respiratory Diseases

Pharynx and Larynx

Trachea and Bronchi

Pleural Cavity

Lungs

Breathing Disorders

Lack of Oxygen

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Diagnostic Procedures of the Respiratory System

Tuberculosis Testing

Treatment Procedures of the Respiratory System

Medications and Their Administration

The Nose, Throat, and Larynx

The Trachea

The Lungs, Pleura, and Thorax

Respiratory Therapy

Abbreviations Related to the Respiratory System

Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise

Chapter 8. The Digestive System

Structures of the Digestive System

The Oral Cavity

The Pharynx

The Esophagus

The Stomach

The Small Intestine

The Large Intestine

Digestion

Metabolism

Absorption

The Role of the Mouth, Salivary Glands, and Esophagus

The Role of the Stomach

The Role of the Small Intestine

The Role of the Large Intestine

Medical Specialties Related to the Digestive System

Pathology of the Digestive System

Tissues of the Oral Cavity

Dental Diseases and Conditions

The Esophagus

The Stomach

Nutritional Disorders

Indigestion and Vomiting

Intestinal Disorders

Anorectal and Bowel Movement Pathology

The Liver

The Gallbladder

The Pancreas

Diagnostic Procedures of the Digestive System

Endoscopic Procedures

Treatment Procedures of the Digestive System

The Oral Cavity and Esophagus

Antioxidants and Probiotics

Medications

Nutrition Support

Bariatric Surgery

The Intestines

The Rectum and Anus

The Liver

The Gallbladder

Abbreviations Related to the Digestive System

Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise

Chapter 9. The Urinary System

Functions of the Urinary System

Structures of the Urinary System

The Kidneys

The Renal Pelvis

The Ureters

The Urinary Bladder

The Urethra

The Excretion of Urine

Medical Specialties Related to the Urinary System

Pathology of the Urinary System

Nephropathy

Renal Failure

Nephrotic Syndrome

Additional Kidney Conditions

Stones

The Ureters

The Urinary Bladder

Neurogenic Bladder

The Prostate Gland

The Urethra

Urinary Tract Infections

Urination

Diagnostic Procedures of the Urinary System

Radiographic Examinations of the Urinary System

Diagnostic Procedures of the Prostate Gland

Treatment Procedures of the Urinary System

Medications

Nutritional Interventions

Dialysis

The Kidneys

The Ureters

The Urinary Bladder

The Urethra

Prostate Treatment

Abbreviations Related to the Urinary System

Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise

Chapter 10. The Nervous System and Mental Health

Functions of the Nervous System

Structures of the Nervous System

Divisions of the Nervous System

The Nerves

The Reflexes

The Neurons

Neurotransmitters

Glial Cells

The Myelin Sheath

The Central Nervous System

The Meninges

Cerebrospinal Fluid

The Parts of the Brain

The Cerebrum

The Thalamus

The Hypothalamus

The Cerebellum

The Brainstem

The Spinal Cord

The Peripheral Nervous System

The Cranial Nerves

The Peripheral Spinal Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System

Medical Specialties Related to the Nervous System and Mental Health

Pathology of the Nervous System

Conditions of the Head and Meninges

Disorders of the Brain

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Brain Injuries

Levels of Consciousness

Brain Tumors

Strokes

Sleep Disorders

The Spinal Cord

Nerves

Cerebral Palsy

Epilepsy and Seizures

Abnormal Sensations

Diagnostic Procedures of the Nervous System

Treatment Procedures of the Nervous System

Sedative and Hypnotic Medications

Anesthesia

The Brain

Nerves

Mental Health

Anxiety Disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Dissociative Disorders

Disruptive and Impulse Control Disorders

Bipolar and Depressive Disorders

Eating Disorders

Personality Disorders

Psychotic Disorders

Somatic Symptom Disorders

Substance-Related Disorders

Gender Identity

Medications to Treat Mental Disorders

Psychological Therapies to Treat Mental Disorders

Abbreviations Related to the Nervous System

Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise

Chapter 11. Special Senses: The Eyes and Ears

Functions of the Eyes

Structures of the Eyes

The Adnexa of the Eyes

The Eyeball

The Uvea

Normal Action of the Eyes

Medical Specialties Related to the Eyes and Vision

Pathology of the Eyes and Vision

The Eyelids

Additional Adnexa Pathology

Uvea, Cornea, and Sclera

The Eye

Functional Defects

Refractive Disorders

Blindness

Diagnostic Procedures for Vision and the Eyes

Diagnostic Procedures for Vision

Diagnostic Procedures for the Eyes

Treatment Procedures of the Eyes and Vision

The Orbit and Eyelids

The Conjunctiva and Eyeball

Corrective Lenses

Laser Treatments of the Eyes

Functions of the Ears

Structures of the Ears

The Outer Ear

The Middle Ear

The Inner Ear

Normal Action of the Ears

Medical Specialties Related to the Ears and Hearing

Pathology of the Ears and Hearing

The Outer Ear

The Middle Ear

The Inner Ear

Hearing Loss

Diagnostic Procedures of the Ears and Hearing

Treatment Procedures of the Ears and Hearing

The Outer Ear

The Middle Ear

The Inner Ear

Treatments for Hearing Loss

Abbreviations Related to the Special Senses

Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise

Chapter 12. Skin: The Integumentary System

Functions of the Integumentary System

Functions of the Skin

Functions of Related Structures

The Structures of the Skin and Its Related Structures

The Skin

The Sebaceous Glands

The Sweat Glands

The Hair

The Nails

Medical Specialties Related to the Integumentary System

Pathology of the Integumentary System

The Sebaceous Glands

The Sweat Glands

The Hair

The Nails

Skin Pigmentation

Bleeding into the Skin

Surface Lesions

Fluid-Filled Lesions

Lesions Through the Skin

Birthmarks

Dermatitis

Erythema

General Skin Conditions

Viral Skin Infections

Bacterial Skin Infections

Fungal Skin Infections

Parasitic Skin Infestations

Skin Growths

Skin Cancer

Burns

Diagnostic Procedures of the Integumentary System

Treatment Procedures of the Integumentary System

Preventive Measures

Burn Treatment

Tissue Removal

Laser and Light Source Treatments of Skin Conditions

Medications for Treatment of the Skin

Cosmetic Procedures

Abbreviations Related to the Integumentary System

Chapter 12: Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercises

Chapter 13. The Endocrine System

Functions of the Endocrine System

Structures of the Endocrine System

The Pituitary Gland

Functions of the Pituitary Gland

Secretions of the Pituitary Gland: Anterior Lobe

Secretions of the Pituitary Gland: Posterior Lobe

The Pineal Gland

Functions and Secretions of the Pineal Gland

The Thyroid Gland

Functions and Secretions of the Thyroid Gland

The Parathyroid Glands

Functions and Secretions of the Parathyroid Glands

The Thymus

Functions and Secretions of the Thymus

The Pancreas

Functions and Secretions of the Pancreatic Islets

The Adrenal Glands

Functions of the Adrenal Glands

Secretions of the Adrenal Cortex

Secretions of the Adrenal Medulla

The Gonads

Functions of the Gonads

Secretions of the Gonads

Specialized Types of Hormones

Medical Specialties Related to the Endocrine System

Pathology of the Endocrine System

The Pituitary Gland

The Pineal Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Parathyroid Glands

The Thymus

The Pancreas

Diabetes Mellitus

The Adrenal Glands

The Gonads

Diagnostic Procedures Related to the Endocrine System

The Thyroid Gland

Diabetes Mellitus

Treatment Procedures Related to the Endocrine System

The Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Parathyroid Glands

The Thymus

The Pancreas

The Adrenal Glands

Abbreviations Related to the Endocrine System

Chapter 13: Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercises

Chapter 14. The Reproductive Systems

Terms Related to the Reproductive Systems of both Sexes

Functions of the Male Reproductive System

Structures of the Male Reproductive System

The Scrotum and Testicles

The Penis

The Vas Deferens, Seminal Vesicles, and the Ejaculatory Duct

The Prostate Gland

The Bulbourethral Glands

The Urethra

Medical Specialties Related to the Male Reproductive System

Pathology of the Male Reproductive System

The Penis

The Testicles and Related Structures

Diagnostic Procedures of the Male Reproductive System

Treatment Procedures of the Male Reproductive System

General Treatment Procedures

Male Sterilization and Fertility

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Chlamydia

Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Functions of the Female Reproductive System

Structures of the Female Reproductive System

The External Female Genitalia

The Internal Female Genitalia

Menstruation

Terms Related to Pregnancy and Childbirth

Ovulation

Fertilization

Multiple Births

The Chorion and Placenta

The Amniotic Sac

Gestation

The Mother

Childbirth

Postpartum

Medical Specialties Related to the Female Reproductive System and Childbirth

Pathology of the Female Reproductive System

The Ovaries, Fallopian Tubes, and Ovulation

The Uterus

The Cervix

The Vagina

The External Genitalia

Breast Diseases

Menstrual Disorders

Pathology of Pregnancy and Childbirth

Pregnancy

Childbirth and Postpartum

Diagnostic Procedures of the Female Reproductive System

Diagnostic Procedures Related to Pregnancy and Childbirth

Treatment Procedures of the Female Reproductive System

Medications

The Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes

The Uterus, Cervix, and Vagina

Mammoplasty

Treatment Procedures Related to Pregnancy and Childbirth

Gender Reassignment

Abbreviations Related to the Reproductive Systems

Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise

Chapter 15. Diagnostic Procedures, Pharmacology, and Complementary Medicine

Diagnostic Procedures

Basic Examination Procedures

Observation

Vital Signs

Auscultation

Palpation and Percussion

Basic Examination Instruments

Recumbent Examination Positions

Laboratory Tests

Blood Tests

Genetic Tests

Urinalysis

Stool Analysis

Endoscopy

Endoscopes

Centesis

Biopsy

Imaging Techniques

Contrast Medium

Radiology

Computed Tomography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fluoroscopy

Ultrasonography

Nuclear Medicine

Nuclear Scans

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Positron Emission Tomography

Pharmacology

Frequently Used Drug Administration Abbreviations and Symbols

Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drugs

Generic and Brand-Name Drugs

Terminology Related to Pharmacology

Medications for Pain Management

Methods of Drug Administration

Non-Medication Prescriptions

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Alternative Medicine

Complementary Medicine

Medical Specialties Related to Diagnostic Procedures, Pharmacology, and Complementary Medicine

Abbreviations Related to Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and Pharmacology

Learning Exercises

The Human Touch: Critical Thinking Exercise

Comprehensive Medical Terminology Review

Overview of Comprehensive Medical Terminology Review

Study Tips

Use Your Vocabulary Lists

Use Your Flash Cards

Make Your Own Study List

Review Your Learning Exercises

Help Someone Else

Use the Practice Sessions

Review Session Answer Sheet

Simulated Medical Terminology Final Test Answer Sheet

Review Session

Simulated Final Test

Appendix A. Prefixes, Combining Forms, and Suffixes

Appendix B. Abbreviations and Their Meanings

Appendix C. Terms Related to Diagnosis, Pathology, and Procedures

The late Ann Ehrlich, who founded this series in 1988, was an experienced teacher, professional author and lifelong student. Considered one of the leading experts in the field of medical terminology, she wrote numerous books on health topics such as dental assisting, practice management, speech therapy and lymphedema.

Carol L. Schroeder has 20 years of experience in finding innovative ways to present medical terminology at a level appropriate for students. Her background in technical writing, translating and research is invaluable in continuously updating content and creating innovative activities and approaches–such as the Medical Mysteries and Human Touch stories featured in this text–to enable instructors to present engaging course material that helps all students succeed.

Laura Ehrlich, a registered nurse, enjoys the fast-paced, challenging environment of the emergency department, as well as the knowledge that her skills save lives. She excels at explaining medical terminology to patients and training other nurses on new procedures, equipment and technology. She is a board-certified emergency nurse, and has been nominated for the DAISY Award for Extraordinary Nurses.

Katrina Schroeder Smith is a registered dietitian who trained and works at Boston Children’s Hospital, a Harvard Teaching Hospital. After finishing her dietetic internship at Simmons College, she completed the prestigious LEAH (Leadership Education in Adolescent Health) Fellowship in the adolescent department at Boston Children’s Hospital. Currently, she is a clinical dietitian in the adolescent clinic there, specializing in the nutritional care of teenagers with HIV, eating disorders, elevated body weight and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Katrina also writes guides and blogs for the Center for Young Women’s Health and runs a small private practice in Brookline, Massachusetts.

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