Social Psychology 10th Edition by Elliot Aronson, ISBN-13: 978-0134641287

Description

Social Psychology 10th Edition by Elliot Aronson, ISBN-13: 978-0134641287

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

• Publisher: ‎ Pearson; 10th edition (February 15, 2018)
• Language: ‎ English
• 656 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 0134641280
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0134641287

For courses in Social Psychology.

Make research relevant through a storytelling approach.

Social Psychology introduces the key concepts of the field through an acclaimed storytelling approach that makes research relevant to students. Drawing upon their extensive experience as researchers and teachers, authors Elliot Aronson, Tim Wilson, and Sam Sommers present the classic studies that have driven the discipline alongside the cutting-edge research that is the future of social psychology. In addition to updated research references, the 10th Edition offers engaging new student-focused features that help students understand how what they’re studying is applicable to their own lives.

Table of Contents:

Social Psychology

Brief Contents

Contents

Preface

What’s New in This Edition?

Reviewers of the Tenth Edition

Reviewers of Past Editions

About the Authors

Tim Wilson

Sam Sommers

Special Tips for Students

Chapter 1 Introducing Social Psychology

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

Defining Social Psychology

Social Psychology, Philosophy, Science, and Common Sense

How Social Psychology Differs From Its Closest Cousins

The Power of the Situation

Underestimating the Power of the Situation

The Importance of Construal

Where Construals Come From: Basic Human Motives

The Self-Esteem Motive: The Need to Feel Good About Ourselves

Suffering and Self-Justification

The Social Cognition Motive: The Need to Be Accurate

Why Study Social Psychology?

Summary

Test Yourself

Chapter 2 Methodology How Social Psychologists Do Research

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

Social Psychology: An Empirical Science

Formulating Hypotheses and Theories

Inspiration from Previous Theories and Research

Hypotheses Based on Personal Observations

Research Designs

The Observational Method: Describing Social Behavior

Ethnography

Archival Analysis

Limits of the Observational Method

The Correlational Method: Predicting Social Behavior

Surveys

Limits of the Correlational Method: Correlation does not Equal Causation

The Experimental Method: Answering Causal Questions

Independent and Dependent Variables

Internal Validity in Experiments

External Validity in Experiments

Field Experiments

Replications and Meta-Analysis

Basic Versus Applied Research

New Frontiers in Social Psychological Research

Culture and Social Psychology

Social Neuroscience

Ethical Issues in Social Psychology

Summary

Test Yourself

Chapter 3 Social Cognition How We Think About the Social World

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

On Automatic Pilot: Low-Effort Thinking

People as Everyday Theorists: Automatic Thinking With Schemas

Which Schemas Do We Use? Accessibility and Priming

Making Our Schemas Come True: The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Types of Automatic Thinking

Automatic Goal Pursuit

Automatic Thinking and Metaphors About the Body and the Mind

Mental Strategies and Shortcuts: Judgmental Heuristics

How Easily Does it Come to Mind? The Availability Heuristic

How Similar is A to B? The Representativeness Heuristic

Personality Tests and The Representativeness Heuristic

Cultural Differences in Social Cognition

Cultural Determinants of Schemas

Holistic Versus Analytic Thinking

Controlled Social Cognition: High-Effort Thinking

Controlled Thinking and Free Will

Mentally Undoing the Past: Counterfactual Reasoning

Improving Human Thinking

Watson Revisited

Summary

Test Yourself

Chapter 4 Social Perception How We Come to Understand Other People

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

Nonverbal Communication

Facial Expressions of Emotion

Evolution and Facial Expressions

Why is Decoding Sometimes Difficult?

Culture and the Channels of Nonverbal Communication

First Impressions: Quick But Long-Lasting

The Lingering Influence of Initial Impressions

Causal Attribution: Answering the “Why” Question

The Nature of the Attribution Process

The Covariation Model: Internal Versus External Attributions

The Fundamental Attribution Error: People as Personality Psychologists

The Role of Perceptual Salience in the Fundamental Attribution Error

The Two-Step Attribution Process

Self-Serving Attributions

The “Bias Blind Spot”

Culture and Social Perception

Holistic Versus Analytic Thinking

Social Neuroscience Evidence

Cultural Differences in the Fundamental Attribution Error

Culture and Other Attributional Biases

Summary

Test Yourself

Chapter 5 The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

The Origins and Nature of the Self-Concept

Cultural Influences on the Self-Concept

Functions of the Self

Self-Knowledge

Knowing Ourselves Through Introspection

Focusing on the Self: Self-Awareness Theory

Judging Why We Feel the Way We Do: Telling More Than We Can Know

Knowing Ourselves by Observing Our Own Behavior

Self-Perception Theory

Understanding Our Emotions: The Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

Finding the Wrong Cause: Misattribution of Arousal

Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation

MINDSETS and Motivation

Using Other People to Know Ourselves

Knowing Ourselves by Comparing Ourselves to Others

Knowing Ourselves by Adopting Other People’s Views

Self-Control: The Executive Function of the Self

Impression Management: All the World’s a Stage

Ingratiation and Self-Handicapping

Culture, Impression Management, and Self-Enhancement

Summary

Test Yourself

Chapter 6 Cognitive Dissonance and the Need to Protect Our Self-Esteem

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance: Protecting Our Self-Esteem

Decisions, Decisions, Decisions

Distorting Our Likes and Dislikes

The Permanence of the Decision

Creating the Illusion of Irrevocability

The Justification of Effort

Counterattitudinal Behavior

Counterattitudinal Behavior Toward Consequential Issues

The Ben Franklin Effect: Justifying Acts of Kindness

Dehumanizing The Enemy: Justifying Cruelty

Justifying Our Own Immoral Acts

Avoiding Temptations

The Hypocrisy Paradigm

Dissonance Across Cultures

Advances and Extensions of Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Self-Affirmation Theory

Dissonance in Close Relationships: Self-Evaluation Maintenance Theory

Some Concluding Thoughts on Dissonance and Self-Esteem

Overcoming Dissonance

Narcissism and the Dangers of Too Much Self-Esteem

Summary

Test Yourself

Chapter 7 Attitudes and Attitude Change Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

The Nature and Origin of Attitudes

Where Do Attitudes Come From?

Cognitively Based Attitudes

Affectively Based Attitudes

Behaviorally Based Attitudes

Explicit Versus Implicit Attitudes

When Do Attitudes Predict Behavior?

Predicting Spontaneous Behaviors

Predicting Deliberative Behaviors

Specific Attitudes

Subjective Norms

Perceived Behavioral Control

How Do Attitudes Change?

Changing Attitudes by Changing Behavior: Cognitive Dissonance Theory Revisited

Persuasive Communications and Attitude Change

The Central and Peripheral Routes to Persuasion

The Motivation to Pay Attention to the Arguments

The Ability to Pay Attention to the Arguments

How to Achieve Long-Lasting Attitude Change

Emotion and Attitude Change

Fear-Arousing Communications

Emotions as a Heuristic

Emotion and Different Types of Attitudes

Attitude Change and the Body

The Power of Advertising

How Advertising Works

Subliminal Advertising: A Form of Mind Control?

Debunking the Claims about Subliminal Advertising

Laboratory Evidence for Subliminal Influence

Advertising and Culture

Resisting Persuasive Messages

Attitude Inoculation

Being Alert to Product Placement

Resisting Peer Pressure

When Persuasion Attempts Backfire: Reactance Theory

Summary

Test Yourself

Chapter 8 Conformity and Obedience Influencing Behavior

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

Conformity: When and Why

Informational Social Influence: The Need to Know What’s “Right”

The Importance of Being Accurate

When Informational Conformity Backfires

When Will People Conform to Informational Social Influence?

When the Situation is Ambiguous

When the Situation is a Crisis

When Other People are Experts

Normative Social Influence: The Need to Be Accepted

Conformity and Social Approval: The Asch Line-Judgment Studies

The Importance of Being Accurate, Revisited

The Consequences of Resisting Normative Social Influence

When Will People Conform to Normative Social Influence?

When the Group is Important

When One Has No Allies in the Group

When the Group’s Culture is Collectivistic

Minority Influence: When the Few Influence the Many

Conformity Tactics

The Role of Injunctive and Descriptive Norms

Using Norms to Change Behavior: Beware the “Boomerang Effect”

Other Tactics of Social Influence

Obedience to Authority

The Milgram Study

The Role of Normative Social Influence

The Role of Informational Social Influence

Other Reasons Why We Obey

Adhering to the Wrong Norm

Self-Justification

The Loss of Personal Responsibility

The Obedience Studies, Then and Now

Summary

Test Yourself

Chapter 9 Group Processes Influence in Social Groups

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

What Is a Group?

Why Do People Join Groups?

The Composition and Functions of Groups

Social Norms

Social Roles

Group Cohesiveness

Group Diversity

Individual Behavior in a Group Setting

Social Facilitation: When the Presence of Others Energizes Us

Simple Versus Difficult Tasks

Arousal and the Dominant Response

Why the Presence of Others Causes Arousal

Social Loafing: When the Presence of Others Relaxes Us

Gender and Cultural Differences in Social Loafing: Who Slacks Off the Most?

Deindividuation: Getting Lost in the Crowd

Deindividuation Makes People Feel Less Accountable

Deindividuation Increases Obedience to Group Norms

Deindividuation Online

Group Decisions: Are Two (or More) Heads Better Than One?

Process Loss: When Group Interactions Inhibit Good Problem Solving

Failure to Share Unique Information

Groupthink: Many Heads, One Mind

Group Polarization: Going to Extremes

Leadership in Groups

Leadership and Personality

Leadership Styles

The Right Person in the Right Situation

Gender and Leadership

Culture and Leadership

Conflict and Cooperation

Social Dilemmas

Increasing Cooperation in the Prisoner’s Dilemma

Using Threats to Resolve Conflict

Effects of Communication

Negotiation and Bargaining

Summary

Test Yourself

Chapter 10 Attraction and Relationships From Initial Impressions to Long-Term Intimacy

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

What Predicts Attraction?

The Person Next Door: The Propinquity Effect

Similarity

Opinions and Personality

Interests and Experiences

Appearance

Genetics

Some Final Comments About Similarity

Reciprocal Liking

Physical Attractiveness

What is Attractive?

Cultural Standards of Beauty

The Power of Familiarity

Assumptions About Attractive People

Evolution and Mate Selection

Evolution and Sex Differences

Alternate Perspectives On Sex Differences

Making Connections in the Digital World

Attraction 2.0: Mate Preference in an Online Era

The Promise and Pitfalls of Meeting People Online

Love and Close Relationships

Defining Love: Companionship and Passion

Culture and Love

Attachment Styles in Intimate Relationships

Your Body and Brain in Love

Assessing Relationships: Satisfaction and Breaking Up

Theories of Relationship Satisfaction

Social Exchange Theory

Equity Theory

The Process and Experience of Breaking Up

Summary

Test Yourself

Chapter 11 Prosocial Behavior Why Do People Help?

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

Basic Motives Underlying Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help?

Evolutionary Psychology: Instincts and Genes

Kin Selection

The Reciprocity Norm

Group Selection

Social Exchange: The Costs and Rewards of Helping

Empathy and Altruism: The Pure Motive for Helping

Review Questions

Personal Qualities and Prosocial Behavior: Why Do Some People Help More Than Others?

Individual Differences: The Altruistic Personality

Gender Differences in Prosocial Behavior

Cultural Differences in Prosocial Behavior

Religion and Prosocial Behavior

The Effects of Mood on Prosocial Behavior

Effects of Positive Moods: Feel Good, Do Good

Feel Bad, Do Good

Review Questions

Situational Determinants of Prosocial Behavior: When Will People Help?

Environment: Rural Versus Urban

Residential Mobility

The Number of Bystanders: The Bystander Effect

Noticing an Event

Interpreting the Event as an Emergency

Assuming Responsibility

Knowing How to Help

Deciding to Implement the Help

Diffusion of Responsibility in Cyberspace

Effects of the Media: Video Games and Music Lyrics

Review Questions

How Can Helping Be Increased?

Increasing the Likelihood That Bystanders Will Intervene

Increasing Volunteerism

Review Questions

Summary

Test Yourself

Chapter 12 Aggression Why Do We Hurt Other People? Can We Prevent It?

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

Is Aggression Innate, Learned, or Optional?

The Evolutionary View

Aggression in Other Animals

Culture and Aggression

Changes in Aggression Across Time and Cultures

Cultures of Honor

Gender and Aggression

Physical Aggression

Relational Aggression

Learning to Behave Aggressively

Some Physiological Influences

The Effects of Alcohol

The Effects of Pain and Heat

Social Situations and Aggression

Frustration and Aggression

Provocation and Reciprocation

Weapons as Aggressive Cues

Putting the Elements Together: The Case of Sexual Assault

Motivations for Rape

Sexual Scripts and the Problem of Consent

Violence and the Media

Studying the Effects of Media Violence

Experimental Studies

Longitudinal Studies

The Problem of Determining Cause and Effect

How to Decrease Aggression

Does Punishing Aggression Reduce Aggression?

Using Punishment on Violent Adults

Can We Release Anger by Indulging It?

The Effects of Aggressive Acts on Subsequent Aggression

Blaming the Victim of Our Aggression

What Are We Supposed to Do with Our Anger?

Venting Versus Self-Awareness

Training in Communication and Problem-Solving Skills

Getting Apologies Right

Countering Dehumanization by Building Empathy

Disrupting the Rejection-Rage Cycle

Summary

Test Yourself

Chapter 13 Prejudice Causes, Consequences, and Cures

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

Defining Prejudice

The Cognitive Component: Stereotypes

Are Positive Stereotypes Good?

The Affective Component: Emotions

The Behavioral Component: Discrimination

Institutionalized Discrimination

Everyday Discrimination

From Prejudice to Discrimination

Detecting Hidden Prejudices

Ways of Identifying Suppressed Prejudices

Ways of Identifying Implicit Prejudices

The Effects of Prejudice on the Victim

The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Social Identity Threat

Causes of Prejudice

Pressures to Conform: Normative Rules

Social Identity Theory: Us versus Them

Ethnocentrism

In-Group Bias

Out-Group Homogeneity

Blaming the Victim

Justifying Feelings of Entitlement and Superiority

Realistic Conflict Theory

Reducing Prejudice

The Contact Hypothesis

Where Contact Can go Wrong

Cooperation and Interdependence: The Jigsaw Classroom

Why Does Jigsaw Work?

The Gradual Spread of Cooperative and Interdependent Learning

Summary

Test Yourself

Social Psychology in Action 1 Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable and Happy Future

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

Applied Research in Social Psychology

Capitalizing on the Experimental Method

Assessing the Effectiveness of Interventions

Potential Risks of Social Interventions

Social Psychology to the Rescue

Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable Future

Conveying and Changing Social Norms

Keeping Track of Consumption

Introducing a Little Competitiveness

Inducing Hypocrisy

Removing Small Barriers to Achieve Big Changes

Happiness and a Sustainable Lifestyle

What Makes People Happy?

Satisfying Relationships

Flow: Becoming Engaged in Something you Enjoy

Accumulate Experiences, Not Things

Helping Others

Do People Know What Makes Them Happy?

Summary

Test Yourself

Social Psychology in Action 2 Social Psychology and Health

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

Stress and Human Health

Resilience

Effects of Negative Life Events

Limits of Stress Inventories

Perceived Stress and Health

Feeling in Charge: The Importance of Perceived Control

Increasing Perceived Control in Nursing Homes

Disease, Control, and Well-Being

Coping with Stress

Gender Differences in Coping with Stress

Social Support: Getting Help from Others

Reframing: Finding Meaning in Traumatic Events

Prevention: Promoting Healthier Behavior

Summary

Test Yourself

Social Psychology in Action 3 Social Psychology and the Law

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

Eyewitness Testimony

Why Are Eyewitnesses Often Wrong?

Encoding

Storage

Retrieval

Judging Whether Eyewitnesses Are Mistaken

Responding Quickly

Post-Identification Feedback

The Recovered Memory Debate

Juries: Group Processes in Action

How Jurors Process Information during the Trial

Confessions: Are They Always What They Seem?

Deliberations in the Jury Room

Summary

Test Yourself

Glossary

References

Credits

Photo Credits

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

SPA01

SPA02

SPA03

Text Credits

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

SPA1

SPA2

SPA3

Name Index

Subject Index

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