The Norton Introduction to Literature Shorter 14th Edition by Kelly J. Mays, ISBN-13: 978-0393886306

Cover

Publisher’s Notice

Title Page

Copyright

Brief Contents

Contents

Contents by Topic

Preface

Introduction

What Is Literature?

What Does Literature Do?

JOHN KEATS, On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer

What Are the Genres of Literature?

Why Read Literature?

Why Study Literature?

HAI-DANG PHAN, My Father’s “Norton Introduction to Literature,” Third Edition (1981)

Authors on Their Work: Hai-Dang Phan

JOHN CROWE RANSOM, Bells for John Whiteside’s Daughter

Part One: Fiction

Chapter 1: Fiction: Reading, Responding, Writing

Telling Stories: Interpretation

Reading and Responding to Fiction

LINDA BREWER: 20/20

SAMPLE WRITING: Annotation and Notes on “20/20”

Reading and Responding to Graphic Fiction

JULES FEIFFER, Superman

Key Concepts

Fiction and Nonfiction

Writing About Fiction

ISABEL ALLENDE, And of Clay Are We Created

Authors on Their Work: Isabel Allende

SAMPLE WRITING: Reading Notes on “And of Clay Are We Created”

SAMPLE WRITING: Response Paper on “And of Clay Are We Created”

SAMPLE WRITING: Essay on “And of Clay Are We Created”

Telling Stories: An Album

ANTON CHEKHOV, Gooseberries

TIM O’BRIEN, The Lives of the Dead

LOUISE ERDRICH, The Plague of Doves

Suggestions for Writing

Understanding the Text

Chapter 2: Plot

Plot versus Action, Sequence, and Subplot

Pace

Conflicts

JACOB AND WILHELM GRIMM, The Shroud

The Five Parts of Plot

Common Plot Types

RALPH ELLISON, King of the Bingo Game

JOYCE CAROL OATES, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?

Authors on Their Work: Joyce Carol Oates

VIET THANH NGUYEN, I’d Love You to Want Me

ADAM JOHNSON, Interesting Facts

Suggestions for Writing

SAMPLE WRITING: Essay on “King of the Bingo Game”

Initiation Stories: An Album

WILLIAM FAULKNER, Barn Burning

TONI CADE BAMBARA, The Lesson

Authors on Their Work: Toni Cade Bambara

ALICE MUNRO, Boys and Girls

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 3: Narration and Point of View

Types of Narration

Tense

Narrator versus Implied Author

EDGAR ALLAN POE, The Black Cat

GEORGE SAUNDERS, Puppy

Authors on Their Work: George Saunders

VIRGINIA WOOLF, The Mark on the Wall

JAMIL JAN KOCHAI, Playing Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain

Authors on Their Work: Jamil Jan Kochai

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 4: Character

Heroes and Villains versus Protagonists and Antagonists

Major versus Minor Characters

Flat versus Round and Static versus Dynamic Characters

Stock Characters and Archetypes

Reading Character in Fiction and Life

TONI MORRISON, Recitatif

Authors on Their Work: Toni Morrison

DAVID FOSTER WALLACE, Good People

ALISSA NUTTING, Model’s Assistant

CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE, Apollo

Suggestions for Writing

Monsters: An Album

MARGARET ATWOOD, Lusus Naturae

KAREN RUSSELL, St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves

JORGE LUIS BORGES, The House of Asterion

Authors on Their Work: Jorge Luis Borges

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 5: Setting

Temporal and Physical, General and Particular Setting

Functions of Setting

Vague and Vivid Settings

ITALO CALVINO, From Invisible Cities

Traditional Expectations of Time and Place

JAMES JOYCE, Araby

JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, Volar

ANNIE PROULX, Job History

YIYUN LI, A Flawless Silence

Suggestions for Writing

SAMPLE WRITING: Annotation and Close Reading in “Araby”

The Future: An Album

WILLIAM GIBSON, The Gernsback Continuum

Authors on Their Work: William Gibson

RAY BRADBURY, The Veldt

Authors on Their Work: Ray Bradbury

OCTAVIA E. BUTLER, Bloodchild

Authors on Their Work: Octavia E. Butler

ZADIE SMITH, Meet the President!

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 6: Symbolism and Figurative Language

Literary Symbolism

Figures of Speech

Interpreting Symbolism and Figurative Language

NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, The Birth-Mark

A. S. BYATT, The Thing in the Forest

EDWIDGE DANTICAT, A Wall of Fire Rising

HARUKI MURAKAMI, Barn Burning

Suggestions for Writing

SAMPLE WRITING: Comparative Essay on “The Birth-Mark” and “The Thing in the Forest”

Chapter 7: Theme

AESOP, The Two Crabs

Theme(s): Singular or Plural?

Be Specific: Theme as Idea versus Topic or Subject

Don’t Be Too Specific: Theme as General Idea

Theme versus Moral

GABRIEL GARCÍA MÁRQUEZ, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: A Tale for Children

YASUNARI KAWABATA, The Grasshopper and the Bell Cricket

JUNOT DÍAZ, Wildwood

Suggestions for Writing

Cross-Cultural Encounters: An Album

BHARATI MUKHERJEE, The Management of Grief

Authors on Their Work: Bharati Mukherjee

JHUMPA LAHIRI, Interpreter of Maladies

Authors on Their Work: Jhumpa Lahiri

SANDRA CISNEROS, Mericans

Authors on Their Work: Sandra Cisneros

DAVID SEDARIS, Jesus Shaves

Suggestions for Writing

Exploring Contexts

Chapter 8: The Author’s Work as Context: Flannery O’Connor

Biographical Approaches to Literature

Implied Author or Narrator

Style and Tone

Three Stories by Flannery O’Connor

A Good Man Is Hard to Find

Good Country People

Everything That Rises Must Converge

Passages from Flannery O’Connor’s Essays and Letters

Essays

Letters

Chronology

Critical Excerpts

MARY GORDON, From Flannery’s Kiss (2004)

ANN E. REUMAN, From Revolting Fictions: Flannery O’Connor’s Letter to Her Mother (1993)

EILEEN POLLACK, From Flannery O’Connor and the New Criticism: A Response to MARK MCGURL (2007)

Suggestions for Writing

Louise Erdrich: An Album

Love Medicine

The Years of My Birth

Chronology

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 9: Cultural and Historical Contexts: Women in Turn-of-the-Century America

Women at the Turn of the Century: An Overview

Women Writers in a Changing World

KATE CHOPIN, The Story of an Hour

CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, The Yellow Wallpaper

SUSAN GLASPELL, A Jury of Her Peers

Chronology

Contextual Excerpts

CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, From Similar Cases (1893)

CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, From Women and Economics: A Study of the Economic Relation between Men and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution (1898)

BARBARA BOYD, From Heart and Home Talks: Politics and Milk (1911)

MRS. ARTHUR LYTTELTON, From Women and Their Work (1901)

RHETA CHILDE DORR, From What Eight Million Women Want (1910)

THE NEW YORK TIMES, From Mrs. Delong Acquitted. She Killed Her Husband, But the Jury Has Set Her Free (1 Dec. 1892)

The Washington Post, From The Chances of Divorce (28 Nov. 1909)

CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, From Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper (1913)

The Washington Post, From The Rest Cure (4 Aug. 1902)

The Washington Post, From Egotism of the Rest Cure (10 Sept. 1905)

Suggestions for Further Reading

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 10: Critical Contexts: Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried”

TIM O’BRIEN, The Things They Carried

Critical Excerpts

STEVEN KAPLAN, From The Undying Uncertainty of the Narrator in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried (1993)

LORRIE N. SMITH, From “The Things Men Do”: The Gendered Subtext in Tim O’Brien’s Esquire Stories (1994)

SUSAN FARRELL, From Tim O’Brien and Gender: A Defense of The Things They Carried

Suggestions for Writing

Reading More Fiction

JAMES BALDWIN, Sonny’s Blues

RAYMOND CARVER, Cathedral

WILLIAM FAULKNER, A Rose for Emily

ERNEST HEMINGWAY, Hills Like White Elephants

FRANZ KAFKA, A Hunger Artist

JAMAICA KINCAID, Girl

BOBBIE ANN MASON, Shiloh

GUY DE MAUPASSANT, The Jewelry

AMY TAN, A Pair of Tickets

EUDORA WELTY, Why I Live at the P.O.

Part Two: Poetry

Chapter 11: Poetry: Reading, Responding, Writing

Defining Poetry

LYDIA DAVIS, Head, Heart

Authors on Their Work: Billy Collins

The Prose Poem

CAMPBELL McGRATH, Section XI: My Library from Sleepwork

ADA LIMÓN, Sacred Objects

Poetic Subgenres and Kinds

Narrative Poetry

EAVAN BOLAND, Quarantine

Authors on Their Work: Eavan Boland

Dramatic Poetry

THOMAS HARDY, The Ruined Maid

Lyric Poetry

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, I wandered lonely as a cloud

ELISA GONZALEZ, In Quarantine, I Reflect on the Death of Ophelia

PHILLIS WHEATLEY, On Being Brought from Africa to America

Descriptive or Observational Lyrics

EMILY DICKINSON, The Sky is low—the Clouds are mean

BILLY COLLINS, Divorce

The Dramatic Monologue

BRUCE SPRINGSTEEN, Nebraska

ROBERT HAYDEN, A Letter from Phillis Wheatley

Responding to Poetry

APHRA BEHN, On Her Loving Two Equally

Writing about Poetry

Sample Writing: Response Paper

Sample Writing: Essay

The Art of (Reading) Poetry, An Album

HOWARD NEMEROV, Because You Asked about the Line between Prose and Poetry

ARCHIBALD MACLEISH, Ars Poetica

ELIZABETH ALEXANDER, Ars Poetica #100: I Believe

MARIANNE MOORE, Poetry

JULIA ALVAREZ, “Poetry Makes Nothing Happen”?

BILLY COLLINS, Introduction to Poetry

OCTAVIO PAZ, Proem

Suggestions for Writing

Understanding the Text

Chapter 12: Speaker: Whose Voice Do We Hear?

Narrative Poems and Their Speakers

ETHERIDGE KNIGHT, Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane

Speakers in the Dramatic Monologue

A. E. STALLINGS, Hades Welcomes His Bride

The Lyric and Its Speaker

GWENDOLYN BROOKS, the mother

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, She dwelt among the untrodden ways

Poems for Further Study

WALT WHITMAN, I celebrate myself, and sing myself

PHILIP SCHULTZ, Googling Ourselves

E. E. CUMMINGS, “next to of course god america i

LUCILLE CLIFTON, cream of wheat

LORNA DEE CERVANTES, Beneath the Shadow of the Freeway

Suggestions for Writing

Exploring Gender: An Album

RICHARD LOVELACE, Song: To Lucasta, Going to the Wars

LADY MARY CHUDLEIGH, To the Ladies

WILFRED OWEN, Disabled

ALICE DUNBAR-NELSON, I Sit and Sew

ELIZABETH BISHOP, Exchanging Hats

DAVID WAGONER, My Father’s Garden

JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, The Changeling

MARIE HOWE, Practicing

Authors on Their Work: Marie Howe

BOB HICOK, O my pa-pa

TERRANCE HAYES, Mr. T—

STACEY WAITE, The Kind of Man I Am at the DMV

SAEED JONES, Boy in a Stolen Evening Gown

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 13: Situation and Setting: What Happens? Where? When?

Situation

RITA DOVE, Daystar

DENISE DUHAMEL, Humanity 101

TRACY K. SMITH, Sci-Fi

Setting

MATTHEW ARNOLD, Dover Beach

One Poem, Multiple Situations and Settings

LI-YOUNG LEE, Persimmons

One Situation and Setting, Multiple Poems

CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love

SIR WALTER RALEIGH, The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd

The Occasional Poem

RICHARD BLANCO, One Today

The Carpe Diem Poem

JOHN DONNE, The Flea

ANDREW MARVELL, To His Coy Mistress

The Aubade

JOHN DONNE, The Sun Rising

JAMES RICHARDSON, Late Aubade

Poems for Further Study

TERRANCE HAYES, Carp Poem

NATASHA TRETHEWEY, Pilgrimage

MAHMOUD DARWISH, Identity Card

YEHUDA AMICHAI, On Yom Kippur in 1967…

HAI-DANG PHAN, Osprey

Suggestions for Writing

Homelands, An Album

MAYA ANGELOU, Africa

Authors on Their Work: Maya Angelou

DEREK WALCOTT, A Far Cry from Africa

Authors on Their Work: Derek Walcott

CLAUDE McKAY, The Tropics in New York

JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, The Latin Deli: An Ars Poetica

MARTÍN ESPADA, Coca-Cola and Coco Frío

CATHY SONG, Heaven

AGHA SHAHID ALI, Postcard from Kashmir

ADRIENNE SU, Escape from the Old Country

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 14: Theme and Tone

Tone

LORNA DEE CERVANTES, Freeway 280

Theme

MAXINE KUMIN, Woodchucks

ADRIENNE RICH, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers

Authors on Their Work: Adrienne Rich

Theme and Conflict

ADRIENNE SU, On Writing

Authors on Their Work: Adrienne Su

Poems for Further Study

ANNA LAETITIA BARBAULD, The Mouse’s Petition

ROBERT BURNS, To a Mouse

FRANK O’HARA, Poem

MAYA ANGELOU, Still I Rise

Suggestions for Writing

SAMPLE WRITING: Response Paper on “The Mouse’s Petition”

Family: An Album

SIMON J. ORTIZ, My Father’s Song

ROBERT HAYDEN, Those Winter Sundays

ELLEN BRYANT VOIGT, My Mother

MARTÍN ESPADA, Of the Threads That Connect the Stars

EMILY GROSHOLZ, Eden

PHILIP LARKIN, This Be the Verse

Authors on Their Work: Philip Larkin

JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA, Green Chile

PAUL MARTÍNEZ POMPA, The Abuelita Poem

ANDREW HUDGINS, Begotten

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 15: Language: Word Choice and Order

Precision and Ambiguity

SARAH CLEGHORN, The golf links lie so near the mill

LI-YOUNG LEE, Leaving

Denotation and Connotation

WALTER DE LA MARE, Slim Cunning Hands

THEODORE ROETHKE, My Papa’s Waltz

Word Order and Placement

SHARON OLDS, Sex without Love

Authors on Their Work: Sharon Olds

Poems for Further Study

WILLIAM BLAKE, London

ROBERT FROST, “Out, Out—”

GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, Pied Beauty

WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, The Red Wheelbarrow

WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, This Is Just to Say

Authors on Their Work: William Carlos Williams

KAY RYAN, Blandeur

MARTHA COLLINS, The Irish were not, the Germans

RICHARD BLANCO, My Father in English

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 16: Visual Imagery and Figures of Speech

DAVID BOTTOMS, Hubert Blankenship

CLAUDE McKAY, The Harlem Dancer

ADA LIMÓN, Dandelion Insomnia

Simile and Analogy

TODD BOSS, My Love for You Is So Embarrassingly

Metaphor

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, That time of year thou mayst in me behold

LIZ BERRY, The Republic of Motherhood

Authors on Their Work: Liz Berry

Personification

EMILY DICKINSON, Because I could not stop for Death—

Metonymy and Synecdoche

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, London, 1802

TRACY K. SMITH, Ash

EMMA BOLDEN, House Is an Enigma

Authors on Their Work: Tracy K. Smith

Allusion

AMIT MAJMUDAR, Dothead

Poems for Further Study

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

ANONYMOUS, The Twenty-Third Psalm

JOHN DONNE, Batter my heart, three-personed God

RANDALL JARRELL, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner

NATALIE DIAZ, When the Beloved Asks, “What Would You Do If You Woke Up and I Was a Shark?”

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 17: Symbol

The Invented Symbol

JAMES DICKEY, The Leap

The Traditional Symbol

EDMUND WALLER, Song

DOROTHY PARKER, One Perfect Rose

The Symbolic Poem

WILLIAM BLAKE, The Sick Rose

Poems for Further Study

JOHN KEATS, Ode to a Nightingale

ROBERT FROST, The Road Not Taken

PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR, Sympathy

HOWARD NEMEROV, The Vacuum

ADRIENNE RICH, Diving into the Wreck

ADA LIMÓN, The Leash

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 18: The Sounds of Poetry

Rhyme

Other Sound Devices

ALEXANDER POPE, From The Rape of the Lock

Sound Poems

HELEN CHASIN, The Word Plum

ALEXANDER POPE, Sound and Sense

Poetic Meter

SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, Metrical Feet

ANONYMOUS, There was a young girl from St. Paul

ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON, From The Charge of the Light Brigade

JANE TAYLOR, The Star

PHILLIS WHEATLEY, An Hymn to the Evening

JESSIE POPE, The Call

WILFRED OWEN, Dulce et Decorum Est

Poems for Further Study

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore

GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, The Windhover

AMIT MAJMUDAR, Ode to a Drone

WALT WHITMAN, A Noiseless Patient Spider

RITA DOVE, Pedestrian Crossing, Charlottesville

Suggestions for Writing

Words and Music: An Album

THOMAS CAMPION, When to her lute Corinna sings

ANONYMOUS, Sir Patrick Spens

DUDLEY RANDALL, Ballad of Birmingham

AUGUSTUS MONTAGUE TOPLADY, A Prayer, Living and Dying

ROBERT HAYDEN, Homage to the Empress of the Blues

BOB DYLAN, The Times They Are A-Changin’

MOS DEF, Hip Hop

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 19: Internal Structure

Dividing Poems Into “Parts”

PAT MORA, Sonrisas

Internal versus External or Formal “Parts”

GALWAY KINNELL, Blackberry Eating

Lyrics as Internal Dramas

SEAMUS HEANEY, Punishment

SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, Frost at Midnight

SHARON OLDS, The Victims

Making Arguments About Structure

Poems Without “Parts”

WALT WHITMAN, I Hear America Singing

Poems for Further Study

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Th’ expense of spirit in a waste of shame

PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY, Ode to the West Wind

PHILIP LARKIN, Church Going

Authors on Their Work: Philip Larkin

KEVIN YOUNG, Greening

Suggestions for Writing

Sample Writing: Essay in Progress on “Church Going”

Chapter 20: External Form

Stanzas

Traditional Stanza Forms

ROBERT FROST, Acquainted with the Night

Traditional Verse Forms

Fixed Forms or Form-Based Subgenres

Traditional Forms: Poems for Further Study

DYLAN THOMAS, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night

NATASHA TRETHEWEY, Myth

ELIZABETH BISHOP, Sestina

A. E. STALLINGS, Sestina: Like

NATALIE DIAZ, Abecedarian Requiring Further Examination of Anglikan Seraphym Subjugation of a Wild Indian Rezervation

EVIE SHOCKLEY, acrobatic

The Way a Poem Looks

E. E. CUMMINGS, l(a

E. E. CUMMINGS, in Just-

Concrete Poetry

GEORGE HERBERT, Easter Wings

JUSTIN PHILLIP REED, Portrait with Stiff Upper Lip

Suggestions for Writing

The Sonnet: An Album

FRANCESCO PETRARCH, Upon the breeze she spread her golden hair

HENRY CONSTABLE, My lady’s presence makes the roses red

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Not marble, nor the gilded monuments

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Let me not to the marriage of true minds

JOHN MILTON, When I consider how my light is spent

SOR JUANA INÉS DE LA CRUZ, O rose divine, in gentle cultivation

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, Nuns fret not at their convent’s narrow room

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, The world is too much with us

ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING, How do I love thee? Let me count the ways

CHRISTINA ROSSETTI, In an Artist’s Studio

EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY, What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why

EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY, Women have loved before as I love now

EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY, I, being born a woman and distressed

EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY, I will put Chaos into fourteen lines

GWENDOLYN BROOKS, First Fight. Then Fiddle.

GWEN HARWOOD, In the Park

JUNE JORDAN, Something Like a Sonnet for Phillis Miracle Wheatley

BILLY COLLINS, Sonnet

HARRYETTE MULLEN, Dim Lady

Suggestions for Writing

Haiku: An Album

Traditional Japanese Haiku

CHIYOJO, Whether astringent

BASHŌ, A village without bells—

BASHŌ, This road—

BUSON, Coolness—

BUSON, Listening to the moon;

One Haiku, Four Translations

LAFCADIO HEARN, Old pond—

CLARA A. WALSH, An old-time pond

EARL MINER, The still old pond

ALLEN GINSBERG, The old pond

Modern Haiku

EZRA POUND, In a Station of the Metro

ALLEN GINSBERG, Looking over my shoulder

RICHARD WRIGHT, In the falling snow

ETHERIDGE KNIGHT, Eastern guard tower

ETHERIDGE KNIGHT, The falling snow flakes

ETHERIDGE KNIGHT, Making jazz swing in

Authors on Their Work: Etheridge Knight (1931–91)

OCTAVIO PAZ, Basho An

SONIA SANCHEZ, From 9 Haiku (for Freedom’s Sisters)

SUE STANDING, Diamond Haiku

TWAIKU

Suggestions for Writing

The Golden Shovel: An Album

GWENDOLYN BROOKS, We Real Cool

Authors on Their Work: Gwendolyn Brooks

TERRANCE HAYES, The Golden Shovel

GWENDOLYN BROOKS, a song in the front yard

EVIE SHOCKLEY, song in the back yard

GWENDOLYN BROOKS, Riot

LIZ LOCHHEAD, Beyond It

GWENDOLYN BROOKS, Behind the Scenes

JULIA ALVAREZ, Behind the Scenes

Suggestions for Writing

Exploring Contexts

Chapter 21: The Author’s Work as Context: Adrienne Rich

Poems by Adrienne Rich

At a Bach Concert

Storm Warnings

Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law

Authors on Their Work: Adrienne Rich

Planetarium

For the Record

My mouth hovers across your breasts

History

Transparencies

Tonight No Poetry Will Serve

Passages From Rich’s Essays

From When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-Vision

From A Communal Poetry

From Why I Refused the National Medal for the Arts

From Poetry and the Forgotten Future

A Poem for Adrienne Rich

JOY HARJO: By the Way

Chronology

Suggestions for Writing

SAMPLE WRITING: Comparative Essay on Sonnets by Shakespeare and Millay

Emily Dickinson: An Album

Poems by Emily Dickinson

Wild Nights—Wild Nights!

“Hope” is the thing with feathers—

After great pain, a formal feeling comes—

I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—

My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun—

I stepped from Plank to Plank

Tell all the truth but tell it slant—

Poems About Emily Dickinson

WENDY COPE, Emily Dickinson

BILLY COLLINS, Taking Off Emily Dickinson’s Clothes

Chronology

Suggestions for Writing

W. B. Yeats: An Album

Poems by W. B. Yeats

The Lake Isle of Innisfree

Authors on Their Work: W. B. Yeats

Easter 1916

The Second Coming

Leda and the Swan

Sailing to Byzantium

A Poem About W. B. Yeats

W. H. AUDEN, In Memory of W. B. Yeats

Authors on Their Work: W. H. Auden

Chronology

Suggestions for Writing

Pat Mora: An Album

Poems by Pat Mora

Elena

Gentle Communion

Mothers and Daughters

La Migra

Ode to Adobe

Chronology

Suggestions For Writing

Chapter 22: Cultural and Historical Contexts: The Harlem Renaissance

Poems of the Harlem Renaissance

ARNA BONTEMPS, A Black Man Talks of Reaping

COUNTEE CULLEN, Yet Do I Marvel

COUNTEE CULLEN, Incident

COUNTEE CULLEN, Saturday’s Child

ANGELINA GRIMKÉ, The Black Finger

ANGELINA GRIMKÉ, Tenebris

LANGSTON HUGHES, The Weary Blues

LANGSTON HUGHES, The Negro Speaks of Rivers

LANGSTON HUGHES, I, Too

LANGSTON HUGHES, Harlem

HELENE JOHNSON, Sonnet to a Negro in Harlem

CLAUDE McKAY, Harlem Shadows

CLAUDE McKAY, If We Must Die

CLAUDE McKAY, America

CLAUDE McKAY, The White House

Contextual Excerpts

JAMES WELDON JOHNSON, From the preface to The Book of American Negro Poetry

ALAIN LOCKE, From The New Negro

RUDOLPH FISHER, From The Caucasian Storms Harlem

W. E. B. DU BOIS, From Two Novels

ZORA NEALE HURSTON, How It Feels to Be Colored Me

LANGSTON HUGHES, From The Big Sea

Suggestions For Writing

SAMPLE WRITING: Research Essay on “I, Too”

#BlackLivesMatter An Album

DANEZ SMITH, not an elegy for Mike Brown

ROSS GAY, A Small Needful Fact

PATRICIA SMITH, Sagas of the Accidental Saint

DANEZ SMITH, dear white america

EVIE SHOCKLEY, of speech

TRACY K. SMITH, Unrest in Baton Rouge

KEVIN YOUNG, Not Guilty [A Frieze for Sandra Bland]

REGINALD DWAYNE BETTS, When I Think of Tamir Rice While Driving

REGINALD DWAYNE BETTS, Parking Lot, Too

CLAUDIA RANKINE, Weather

CLAUDIA RANKINE, From The Condition of Black Life Is One of Mourning

TRACY K. SMITH, Dear Black America: A Letter

Chronology

Select Bibliography

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 23: Critical Contexts: Sylvia Plath’s “Daddy”

SYLVIA PLATH, Daddy

Critical Excerpts

GEORGE STEINER, From Dying Is an Art

A. ALVAREZ, From Sylvia Plath

IRVING HOWE, From The Plath Celebration: A Partial Dissent

JUDITH KROLL, From Rituals of Exorcism: “Daddy”

MARY LYNN BROE, From Protean Poetic: The Poetry of Sylvia Plath (Not included due to permissions reasons)

MARGARET HOMANS, From A Feminine Tradition

PAMELA J. ANNAS, From A Disturbance in Mirrors: The Poetry of Sylvia Plath

STEVEN GOULD AXELROD, From Sylvia Plath: The Wound and the Cure of Words

LISA NARBESHUBER, From The Poetics of Torture: The Spectacle of Sylvia Plath’s Poetry

Suggestions For Writing

Reading More Poetry

WILLIAM BLAKE, The Lamb

WILLIAM BLAKE, The Tyger

ROBERT BROWNING, My Last Duchess

SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, Kubla Khan

JOHN DONNE, Death, be not proud

JOHN DONNE, The Good-Morrow

JOHN DONNE, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning

PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR, We Wear the Mask

ROBERT FROST, Fire and Ice

ROBERT FROST, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

JOY HARJO, The Woman Hanging from the Thirteenth Floor Window

SEAMUS HEANEY, Digging

GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, God’s Grandeur

GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, Spring and Fall

JOHN KEATS, Ode on a Grecian Urn

JOHN KEATS, To Autumn

YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Facing It

Authors on Their Work: Yusef Komunyakaa

YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Tu Do Street

LINDA PASTAN, To a Daughter Leaving Home

MARGE PIERCY, Barbie Doll

SYLVIA PLATH, Lady Lazarus

SYLVIA PLATH, Morning Song

EDGAR ALLAN POE, The Raven

CHRISTINA ROSSETTI, Goblin Market

WALLACE STEVENS, Anecdote of the Jar

ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON, Ulysses

WALT WHITMAN, Facing West from California’s Shores

RICHARD WILBUR, Love Calls Us to the Things of This World

Biographical Sketches: Poets

Part Three: Drama

Chapter 24: Drama: Reading, Responding, Writing

Reading Drama

Thinking Theatrically

SUSAN GLASPELL, Trifles

Questions

Responding to Drama

SAMPLE WRITING: Annotation on Trifles

SAMPLE WRITING: Reading Notes on Trifles

Writing About Drama

Suggestions for Writing

SAMPLE WRITING: Response Paper on Trifles

SAMPLE WRITING: Essay on Trifles

Understanding the Text

Chapter 25: Elements of Drama

Character

Plot and Structure

Stages, Sets, and Setting

Tone, Language, and Symbol

Theme

AUGUST WILSON, Fences

Act One

Scene 1

Scene 2

Scene 3

Scene 4

Act Two

Scene 1

Scene 2

Scene 3

Scene 4

Scene 5

Questions

Authors on Their Work: August Wilson

Suggestions for Writing

QUIARA ALEGRÍ A HUDES, Water by the Spoonful

Scene One

Scene Two

Scene Three

Scene Four

Scene Five

Scene Six

Scene Seven

Scene Eight

Scene Nine

Scene Ten

Scene Eleven

Scene Twelve

Scene Thirteen

Scene Fourteen

Scene Fifteen

Questions

Suggestions for Writing

Exploring Contexts

Chapter 26: The Author’s Work as Context: William Shakespeare

The Life of Shakespeare: A Biographical Mystery

Exploring Shakespeare’s Work: A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Othello

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Act I

Scene 1

Scene 2

Act II

Scene 1

Scene 2

Act III

Scene 1

Scene 2

Act IV

Scene 1

Scene 2

Act V

Scene 1

The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice

Act I

Scene 1

Scene 2

Scene 3

Act II

Scene 1

Scene 2

Scene 3

Act III

Scene 1

Scene 2

Scene 3

Scene 4

Act IV

Scene 1

Scene 2

Scene 3

Act V

Scene 1

Scene 2

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 27: Cultural and Historical Contexts: Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun

The Historical Significance of A Raisin in the Sun

The Great Migration

Life in the “Black Metropolis”

Housing and Residential Segregation

The Civil Rights Movement

African Americans and Africa

The “Americanness” of A Raisin in the Sun

LORRAINE HANSBERRY, A Raisin in the Sun

Act I

Scene One

Scene Two

Act II

Scene One

Scene Two

Scene Three

Act III

Authors on Their Work: Lorraine Hansberry

Chronology

Contextual Excerpts

The Great Migration and Life in the “Black Metropolis”

RICHARD WRIGHT, From Twelve Million Black Voices: A Folk History of the Negro in the United States

ROBERT GRUENBERG, From Chicago Fiddles While Trumbull Park Burns

GERTRUDE SAMUELS, From Even More Crucial Than in the South

The Black Middle Class, the American Dream, and the Campaign for Civil Rights

WILMA DYKEMAN AND JAMES STOKELY, From New Southerner: The Middle-Class Negro

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., From Letter from Birmingham Jail

ROBERT C. WEAVER, From The Negro as an American

African Americans and Africa

EARL E. THORPE, From Africa in the Thought of Negro Americans (Not included due to permissions reasons)

PHAON GOLDMAN, From The Significance of African Freedom for the Negro American (Not included due to permissions reasons)

BRUCE NORRIS, From Clybourne Park

Suggestions for Writing

Chapter 28: Critical Contexts: Sophocles’s Antigone

SOPHOCLES, Antigone

Critical Excerpts

RICHARD C. JEBB, From the introduction to The Antigone of Sophocles

MAURICE BOWRA, From Sophoclean Tragedy

BERNARD KNOX, From the introduction to Antigone

MARTHA C. NUSSBAUM, From Sophocles’ Antigone: Conflict, Vision, and Simplification

PHILIP HOLT, From Polis and Tragedy in the Antigone

HELEN MORALES, From Antigone Rising

Suggestions for Writing

SAMPLE WRITING: Research Essay on Antigone

Reading More Drama

HENRIK IBSEN, A Doll House

Act I

Act II

Act III

LYNN NOTTAGE, Sweat

Act One

Scene 1

Scene 2

Scene 3

Scene 4

Scene 5

Scene 6

Scene 7

Act Two

Scene 1

Scene 2

Scene 3

Scene 4

Scene 5

Scene 6

Scene 7

Scene 8

Authors on Their Work: Lynn Nottage

SOPHOCLES, Oedipus the King

OSCAR WILDE, The Importance of Being Earnest

Act I

Act II

Act III

TENNESSEE WILLIAMS, A Streetcar Named Desire

Scene 1

Scene 2

Scene 3

Scene 4

Scene 5

Scene 6

Scene 7

Scene 8

Scene 9

Scene 10

Scene 11

Part Four: Writing about Literature

Writing about Literature

Chapter 29: Basic Moves: Paraphrase, Summary, And Description

29.1 Paraphrase

29.2 Summary

29.3 Description

Chapter 30: The Literature Essay

30.1 Elements of the Literature Essay

30.2 Common Essay Types

Chapter 31: The Writing Process

31.1 Getting Started

31.2 Planning

31.3 Drafting

31.4 Revising

31.5 Editing and Proofreading

31.6 Finishing Up

Chapter 32: The Literature Research Essay

32.1 Types of Essays and Sources

32.2 What Sources Do

32.3 The Research Process

32.4 Writing with Sources

Chapter 33: Quotation, Citation, and Documentation

33.1 The Rules of Responsible Quoting

33.2 Strategies for Effective Quoting

33.3 Citation and Documentation

Chapter 34: Sample Research Essay

Critical Approaches

Emphasis on the Text

Emphasis on the Source

Emphasis on the Receiver

Historical and Ideological Criticism

Bibliography

Permissions Acknowledgments

Index of Authors

Index of Titles and First Lines

Glossary / Index of Literary Terms

Kelly J. Mays has taught writing and literature courses for 25 years ― at Stanford University (where she earned her Ph.D.), in the Harvard Expository Writing Program, at New Mexico State University, and (since 2001) at the University of Nevada Las Vegas, where she is now an Associate Professor of English. A British literature specialist whose work has appeared in Victorian Studies, Victorian Poetry, Critical Inquiry, and other major scholarly journals, she is currently at work on a book exploring when and why nineteenth-century Britons began to label their age, their literature, and even themselves “Victorian.”