You May Ask Yourself: An Introduction to Thinking Like a Sociologist 7th Edition by Dalton Conley, ISBN-13: 978-0393537741

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You May Ask Yourself: An Introduction to Thinking Like a Sociologist 7th Edition by Dalton Conley, ISBN-13: 978-0393537741

[PDF eBook eTextbook]

• Publisher: ‎ W. W. Norton & Company; Seventh edition (July 1, 2021)
• Language: ‎ English
• 952 pages
• ISBN-10: ‎ 0393537749
• ISBN-13: ‎ 978-0393537741

The bestselling “untextbook” that makes the familiar strange.

Table of Contents:

xxiii Preface

2 PART 1: USING YOUR SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION

4 CHAPTER 1: THE SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION: AN

INTRODUCTION

6 The Sociological Imagination

8 HOW TO BE A SOCIOLOGIST ACCORDING TO QUENTIN

TARANTINO: A SCENE FROM PULP FICTION

10 What Are the True Costs and Returns of College?

13 Getting That “Piece of Paper”

16 What Is a Social Institution?

19 The Sociology of Sociology

20 Auguste Comte and the Creation of Sociology

20 TWO CENTURIES OF SOCIOLOGY

23 Classical Sociological Theory

29 American Sociology

32 Modern Sociological Theories

36 Doing Theory

37 Sociology and Its Cousins

37 History

39 Anthropology

41 The Psychological and Biological Sciences

42 Economics and Political Science

43 Divisions within Sociology

44 Microsociology and Macrosociology

44 Conclusion

44 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

46 PRACTICE: SEEING SOCIOLOGICALLY

48 CHAPTER 2: METHODS

52 Research 101

53 Causality versus Correlation

56 Variables

57 Hypothesis Testing

57 Validity, Reliability, and Generalizability

59 Role of the Researcher

63 Choosing Your Method

63 Data Collection

68 SAMPLES: THEY’RE NOT JUST THE FREE TASTES AT

THE SUPERMARKET

74 Ethics of Social Research

75 POLICY: THE POLITICAL BATTLE OVER THE CITIZENSHIP

QUESTION

77 Conclusion

78 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

80 PRACTICE: SOCIOLOGY, WHAT IS IT GOOD FOR?

82 CHAPTER 3: CULTURE AND MEDIA

84 Definitions of Culture

84 Culture = Human – Nature

85 Culture = (Superior) Man – (Inferior) Man

87 Culture = Man – Machine

88 Material versus Nonmaterial Culture

89 Language, Meaning, and Concepts

90 Ideology

91 Studying Culture

94 Subculture

95 Cultural Effects: Give and Take

97 Reflection Theory

99 Media

99 From the Town Crier to the Facebook Wall: A Brief

History

101 Hegemony: The Mother of All Media Terms

102 The Media Life Cycle

102 Texts

102 Back to the Beginning: Cultural Production

103 Media Effects

105 Mommy, Where Do Stereotypes Come From?

106 THE RACE AND GENDER POLITICS OF MAKING OUT

108 Racism in the Media

110 Sexism in the Media

111 Political Economy of the Media

113 Consumer Culture

113 Advertising and Children

115 Culture Jams: Hey Calvin, How ’Bout Giving That Girl a

Sandwich?

116 Conclusion

117 POLICY: WHAT’S IN A NAME?

119 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

120 PRACTICE: SUBCULTURE WARS

122 CHAPTER 4: SOCIALIZATION AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF

REALITY

125 Socialization: The Concept

126 Limits of Socialization

126 “Human” Nature

127 Theories of Socialization

127 Me, Myself, and I: Development of the Self and the

Other

131 Agents of Socialization

131 Families

135 School

137 Peers

138 Adult Socialization

140 Total Institutions

141 Social Interaction

143 Gender Roles

146 The Social Construction of Reality

150 Dramaturgical Theory

155 Ethnomethodology

156 New Technologies: What Has the Internet Done to

Interaction?

158 POLICY: ROOMMATES WITH BENEFITS

160 Conclusion

161 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

162 PRACTICE: ROLE CONFLICT AND ROLE STRAIN

164 CHAPTER 5: GROUPS AND NETWORKS

166 Social Groups

167 Just the Two of Us

168 And Then There Were Three

171 Size Matters: Why Social Life Is Complicated

172 Let’s Get This Party Started: Small Groups, Parties, and

Large Groups

174 Primary and Secondary Groups

175 Group Conformity

176 In-Groups and Out-Groups

176 Reference Groups

176 From Groups to Networks

177 Embeddedness: The Strength of Weak Ties

181 Six Degrees

182 Social Capital

186 CASE STUDY: SURVIVAL OF THE AMISH

189 Network Analysis in Practice

190 The Social Structure of Teenage Sex

193 Romantic Leftovers

194 Organizations

195 Organizational Structure and Culture

196 Institutional Isomorphism: Everybody’s Doing It

197 POLICY: RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN

198 Conclusion

199 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

200 PRACTICE: HOW TO DISAPPEAR

202 CHAPTER 6: SOCIAL CONTROL AND DEVIANCE

205 What Is Social Deviance?

206 Functionalist Approaches to Deviance and Social

Control

211 Social Control

213 A Normative Theory of Suicide

218 Social Forces and Deviance

220 Symbolic Interactionist Theories of Deviance

220 Labeling Theory

224 THE STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT AND ABU

GHRAIB

227 Stigma

228 Broken Windows Theory of Deviance

230 Crime

230 Street Crime

231 White-Collar Crime

232 Interpreting the Crime Rate

235 Crime Reduction

235 Deterrence Theory of Crime Control

237 Goffman’s Total Institution

239 Foucault on Punishment

243 The US Criminal Justice System

246 POLICY: DOES PRISON WORK BETTER AS

PUNISHMENT OR REHAB?

248 Conclusion

249 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

250 PRACTICE: EVERYDAY DEVIANCE

252 PART 2: FAULT LINES . . . SOCIAL DIVISION AND INEQUALITY

254 CHAPTER 7: STRATIFICATION

257 Views of Inequality

257 Jean-Jacques Rousseau

258 The Scottish Enlightenment and Thomas Malthus

261 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

263 Modern Theories of Inequality

264 Standards of Equality

264 Equality of Opportunity

266 Equality of Condition

267 Equality of Outcome

268 Forms of Stratification

268 Estate System

269 Caste System

270 Class System

273 Status Hierarchy System

276 Elite–Mass Dichotomy System

278 INCOME VERSUS WEALTH

279 How Is America Stratified Today?

279 The Upper Class

281 The Middle Class

284 The Poor

285 Global Inequality

288 Social Reproduction versus Social Mobility

293 POLICY: CLASS-BASED AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

295 Conclusion

296 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

298 PRACTICE: THE $5,000 TOOTHBRUSH

300 CHAPTER 8: GENDER

302 Let’s Talk About Sex Gender

303 Sex: A Process in the Making

304 Seeing Sex as Social: The Case of Nonbinary

Individuals

305 Sexed Bodies in the Premodern World

305 Contemporary Concepts of Sex and the Paradoxes of

Gender

306 Gender: What Does It Take to Be Feminine or

Masculine?

307 Making Gender

309 Gender Differences over Time

310 WELCOME TO ZE COLLEGE, ZE

313 Theories of Gender Inequality

313 Rubin’s Sex/Gender System

315 Parsons’s Sex Role Theory

316 Psychoanalytic Theories

317 Conflict Theories

318 “Doing Gender”: Interactionist Theories

319 Black Feminism and Intersectionality

320 Postmodern and Global Perspectives

321 Growing Up, Getting Ahead, and Falling Behind

322 Growing Up with Gender

323 Inequality at Work

330 Sociology in the Bedroom

330 Sex: From Plato to NATO

331 The Social Construction of Sexuality

335 Contemporary Sexualities: The Q Word

337 “Hey”: Teen Sex, from Hooking Up to Virginity Pledges

340 Sex and Aging

342 POLICY: #METHREE

343 Conclusion

344 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

346 PRACTICE: MEASURING MANSPLAINING

348 CHAPTER 9: RACE

350 The Myth of Race

353 The Concept of Race from the Ancients to Alleles

354 Race in the Early Modern World

357 Eugenics

359 Twentieth-Century Concepts of Race

361 Racial Realities

364 Race versus Ethnicity

367 Racial Groups in the United States

367 Native Americans

369 African Americans

370 Latinxs

372 Asian Americans

374 Middle Eastern Americans

374 The Importance of Being White

377 Inter-Group Relations

378 Pluralism

380 Segregation and Discrimination

385 Racial Conflict

386 Group Responses to Domination

386 Withdrawal

387 Passing

388 Acceptance versus Resistance

388 Prejudice, Discrimination, and the New Racism

391 How Race Matters: The Case of Wealth

393 Institutional Racism

395 The Future of Race

399 POLICY: DNA DATABASES

400 Conclusion

401 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

402 PRACTICE: HOW SEGREGATED ARE YOU?

404 CHAPTER 10: POVERTY

408 The Culture of Poverty

408 Negative Income Tax

412 The Underclass

417 The Bell Curve Thesis

418 Moving to Opportunity

423 The War on Poverty Today

427 Poverty amid Plenty

428 Absolute and Relative Poverty

432 The Effects of Poverty on Children’s Life Chances

434 Why Is the United States So Different?

438 POLICY: SEEKING SWF

439 Conclusion

440 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

442 PRACTICE: KNOWN UNKNOWNS

444 CHAPTER 11: HEALTH AND SOCIETY

448 The Rise (and Fall?) of the Medical Profession

448 Why We Think Doctors Are Special

451 The Rise of the Biomedical Culture

453 Doctors’ Denouement?

455 What Does It Mean to Be Sick?

455 The Sick Role

455 Social Construction of Illness

456 The US Health Care System

457 Health Care in the United States: Who’s Got You

Covered?

459 The Social Determinants of Health and Illness

461 We’re Not All Born Equal: Prenatal and Early Life

Determinants

465 Postnatal Health Inequalities

474 Aging and Health

477 Health Care for Older Americans

479 COVID-19 and Health Inequalities

481 The Sociology of Mental Health

481 Rise of Diagnostic Psychiatry

484 The Power of a Pill?

485 Global Health

486 Global Poverty and Health: Cause versus Effect

489 H2O TO GO

490 The Age of AIDS

492 POLICY: HOUSING FOR HEALTH

494 Conclusion

494 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

496 PRACTICE: I’LL GO TO THE GYM TOMORROW

498 PART 3: BUILDING BLOCKS: INSTITUTIONS OF SOCIETY

500 CHAPTER 12: FAMILY

503 Family Forms and Changes

504 Malinowski and the Traditional Family

508 The Family in the Western World Today

511 Keeping It in the Family: The Historical Divide between

Public and Private

511 Premodern Families

513 The Emergence of the Male Breadwinner Family

514 Families after World War II

516 Family and Work: A Not-So-Subtle Revolution

517 A Feminist “Rethinking of the Family”

519 When Home Is No Haven: Domestic Abuse

520 The Chore Wars: Supermom Does It All

526 Swimming and Sinking: Inequality and American

Families

526 African American Families

528 Latinx Families

529 Flat Broke with Children

533 The Pecking Order: Inequality Starts at Home

535 The Future of Families, and There Goes the Nation!

535 Divorce

538 Blended Families

538 Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Families

540 Multiracial Families

541 Immigrant Families

542 POLICY: EXPANDING MARRIAGE

544 Conclusion

544 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

546 PRACTICE: MAKING INVISIBLE LABOR VISIBLE

548 CHAPTER 13: EDUCATION

550 Learning to Learn or Learning to Labor? Functions of

Schooling

551 Socialization

555 Do Schools Matter?

556 The Coleman Report

557 Class Size

558 Private Schools versus Public Schools

560 What’s Going On Inside Schools?

560 The Sorting Machine Revisited: Tracking

564 The Classroom Pressure Cooker

568 Higher Education

568 The Rise and Rise of Higher Education: Credentialism

570 The SAT: Meritocracy and the Big Test

573 Affirmative Action: Myths and Reality

575 Intelligence or IQ?

576 Adult Learning

577 Inequalities in Schooling

577 Class

581 Race

586 Ethnicity

587 Impending Crisis: The Boy–Girl Achievement Gap

588 All in the Family

590 POLICY: VOUCHERS

592 Conclusion

593 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

594 PRACTICE: THE HIDDEN CURRICULUM OF COLLEGE

596 CHAPTER 14: CAPITALISM AND THE ECONOMY

598 A Brief History of Capitalism

601 Theorizing the Transition to Capitalism

601 Adam Smith

603 Georg Simmel

605 Karl Marx

608 Max Weber

609 Recent Changes in Capitalism

609 You’ve Come a Long Way, Baby (or Have You?): Work,

Gender, and Family

616 The Service Sector

617 Globalization

620 The Reign of the Corporation

621 The Corporate Psychopath?

629 An Aging Economy

630 POLICY: THE GIG ECONOMY

632 Conclusion

633 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

634 PRACTICE: UNBANK YOURSELF!

636 CHAPTER 15: AUTHORITY AND THE STATE

639 Types of Legitimate Authority

639 Charismatic Authority

641 Traditional Authority

641 Legal-Rational Authority

645 Obedience to Authority

645 The Milgram Experiment

646 Authority, Legitimacy, and the State

649 The International System of States

650 THE CASE OF SOMALILAND

653 New State Functions: The Welfare State

657 Radical Power and Persuasion

660 Power and International Relations

661 Dictatorship or Democracy? States of Nature and Social

Contracts

667 Who Rules in the United States?

669 Beyond Strawberry and Vanilla: Political Participation in

Modern Democracies

674 POLICY: AGE AND VOTING

676 Conclusion

676 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

678 PRACTICE: GET SH*T DONE

680 CHAPTER 16: RELIGION

683 What Is Religion?

688 Theory: Marx, Weber, and Durkheim

688 Karl Marx

689 Max Weber

692 Émile Durkheim

695 Secularization or Speculation?

696 Religious Pluralism in the United States

699 Religious Attendance in the United States

702 At the Micro Level: Is It a Great Big Delusion?

704 The Power of Religion: Social Movements

707 Religion and the Social Landscape

708 Families

708 Race

709 Gender

710 Class

712 Geography and Politics

713 Selling God and Shopping for Faith: The

Commercialization of Religious Life

716 Lesson 1: If You Can’t Beat ’Em, Join ’Em

716 Lesson 2: Bigger Is Better

717 Lesson 3: Speed Pleases

718 Lesson 4: Sex Sells

719 The Paradox of Popularity

719 The Sect–Church Cycle

723 Why Are Conservative Churches Growing?

726 POLICY: TEACHING THE BIBLE IN SCHOOL

728 Conclusion

728 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

730 PRACTICE: THE CULT OF YOU

732 CHAPTER 17: SCIENCE, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND SOCIETY

735 Science and Society

735 Thomas Kuhn and the Structure of Scientific

Revolutions

736 Is Science a Social and Political Endeavor?

739 The Pursuit of Truth and the Boundaries of Science

742 The Laboratory as a Site for Knowledge

744 The Matthew Effect

745 Agriculture and the Environment

745 Global Warming and Climate Change

748 Organic Foods and Genetically Modified Organisms

753 The Green Revolution

755 Biotechnology and the Human Genome

757 GATTACA: GENETICS AND THE FUTURE OF SOCIETY

761 Race and Genetics

764 POLICY: FRANKENFOOD VERSUS CRISPR VERSUS

ABORTION POLITICS

766 Conclusion

767 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

768 PRACTICE: SUSTAINABLE CHOICES

770 CHAPTER 18: COLLECTIVE ACTION, SOCIAL MOVEMENTS,

AND SOCIAL CHANGE

773 Collective Action: What Is It Good For?

774 Theories of Collective Action

777 Identity and Collective Action

779 Social Movements

780 Types of Social Movements

784 I’ve Been Framed!

791 Models of Social Movements: How Do They Arise?

794 Three Stages of Social Movements

796 EMERGENCE, COALESCENCE, AND ROUTINIZATION IN

THE HIV/AIDS MOVEMENT

798 Social Movement Organizations

801 Social Movements and Social Change

804 Premodern, Modern, and Postmodern Societies

805 Premodern Societies

805 Modernity

807 Postmodernism

809 The Causes of Social Change

809 Technology and Innovation

810 New Ideas and Identities

811 Social Change and Conflict

811 POLICY: DOES ACTIVISM ACTUALLY WORK?

813 Conclusion

815 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

816 PRACTICE: AIN’T GONNA TAKE IT NO MORE

A1 GLOSSARY

A14 BIBLIOGRAPHY

A49 CREDITS

A55 INDEX

Dalton Conley is a professor of sociology at Princeton University. In 2005, Conley became the first sociologist to win the prestigious National Science Foundation’s Alan T. Waterman Award, which honors an outstanding young U.S. scientist or engineer. He writes for the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, The Nation,Slate, and Forbes. He is the author of Honky (2001) and The Pecking Order: A Bold New Look at How Family and Society Determine Who We Become (2004). His other books include Being Black, Living in the Red: Race, Wealth, and Social Policy in America (1999), The Starting Gate: Birth Weight and Life Chances (2003), and Elsewhere, U.S.A. (2009).

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